Synergistic toughening effect of β-nucleating agent and long chain branching on polypropylene random copolymer

β-nucleated long chain branched (LCB) polypropylene random copolymers (PPRs) were prepared via reactive extrusion by introducing β nucleating agent (NA), dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and various contents of 1, 6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) into PPR. Results of Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the rheological properties demonstrate the existence of LCB polypropylene. Mechanical properties including impact strength, tensile strength and elongation at break were studied. The crystal structure, morphology and crystallization behavior were investigated via wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), polarized light microscopy (PLM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics using the Jeziorny method was also studied. The results show an increased LCB degree with increasing HDDA amount. For the sample with a moderate LCB level, synergistic toughening effect of NA and LCB is achieved without deterioration of yield strength or elongation at break, partially because of its higher β-phase content and much smaller spherulite size. It exhibits the minimum values of T_c and Z_c1, and the maximum values of t_1/2 and n₁ in the primary stage of crystallization, regardless of the cooling rate, indicating a slower crystallization rate and more complicated nucleation and crystal growth model.     

Photo-reversible Valence Tautomerism in a Co Compound

Photo-illumination effects have been measured for the compound [Co III-LS (tmpda)(3,6-DBSQ)(3,6-DBCat)]. When the aforementioned compound was illuminated at 5 K, the magnetization value increased from w eff = 1.87 to 2.03 w B . The absorption spectra after illumination show that the absorption band at around 730 nm, which is characteristic of the [Co II-HS (tmpda)(3,6-DBSQ) 2 ] state, increased in intensity and that the charge transfer band from 3,6-DBCat to 3,6-DBSQ at 2500 nm was reduced in intensity. IR spectra show that the C-O stretching peak at 1279 cm m 1 is decreased in intensity. These results confirm that a photo-induced intra-molecular electron transfer, [Co III-LS (tmpda)(3,6-DBSQ)(3,6-DBCat)] to; [Co II-HS (tmpda)(3,6-DBSQ) 2 ], was induced. The lifetime of the metastable state at 5 K was 15 min. Furthermore, it was found that reverse valence tautomerism can be induced by exciting the Co II-HS to 3,6-DBSQ charge transfer band in metastable [Co II-HS (tmpda)(3,6-DBSQ) 2 ].     

大动脉中血液流动的中性扰动

本文在长波假定下用流体力学线性稳定性理论对大动脉中血液流动求出了一种中性扰动。结果表明，心室或瓣引起的扰动在一定条件下有可能量一种中性扰动，它可以沿着动脉管无变形地传播到动脉远端。这说明也许有可能提供一种通过在远离心脏的某些浅表动脉部位检测这种中性成动以了解心脏的某些功能的新方法。     

Local fracture resistance based on microstructural efficiency concept and simulation of injection molding

Local fracture resistance (FR) of short (SGF) and discontinuous long glass fibre (LGF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) was predicted using the ‘microstructural efficiency concept’ together with a simulation program for fibre orientation in injection molding. The ‘microstructural efficiency concept’ describes the relation between microstructural parameters such as the fibre content, the fibre aspect ratio and the processing (injection molding) induced layer structure taking also into account the local fibre orientation. The local fibre orientation in injection molding was predicted with the MOLDFLOW^®-software. The predicted local FR was compared with the measured one, which was determined by using compact tension samples and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The comparison showed, that for SGF-PP good consistence between the predicted and measured FR existed, for LGF-PP the discrepancy was higher. Yet for both materials, the ‘microstructural efficiency concept’ together with the results obtained from the simulation of the fibre orientation can be used for FR prediction of an injection molded workpiece.