Single-Stage Extraction and Separation of Co2+ from Ni2+ Using Ionic Liquid of [C4H9NH3][Cyanex 272]

The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions for separating Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ using N-butylamine phosphinate ionic liquid of [C₄H₉NH₃][Cyanex 272]. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of the initial pH, extraction time, and extraction temperature on the separation factor of Co²⁺ from sulfuric acid solution containing Ni²⁺. The concentrations of Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in an aqueous solution were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: an initial pH of 3.7, an extraction time of 55.8 min, and an extraction temperature of 330.4 K. The separation factor of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ under optimized extraction conditions was 66.1, which was very close to the predicted value of 67.2, and the error was 1.7%. The equation for single-stage extraction with high reliability can be used for optimizing the multi-stage extraction process of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺. The stoichiometry of chemical reaction for ion-exchange extraction was also investigated using the slope method.     

Gold Nanoparticles as Effective ion Traps in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Cross-Linked by Metal-Ligand Coordination

At this time, the development of advanced elastic dielectric materials for use in organic devices, particularly in organic field-effect transistors, is of considerable interest to the scientific community. In the present work, flexible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) specimens cross-linked by means of ZnCl₂-bipyridine coordination with an addition of 0.001 wt. %, 0.0025 wt. %, 0.005 wt. %, 0.04 wt. %, 0.2 wt. %, and 0.4 wt. % of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared in order to understand the effect of AuNPs on the electrical properties of the composite materials formed. The broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements revealed one order of magnitude decrease in loss tangent, compared to the coordinated system, upon an introduction of 0.001 wt. % of AuNPs into the polymeric matrix. An introduction of AuNPs causes damping of conductivity within the low-temperature range investigated. These effects can be explained as a result of trapping the Cl⁻ counter ions by the nanoparticles. The study has shown that even a very low concentration of AuNPs (0.001 wt. %) still brings about effective trapping of Cl⁻ counter anions, therefore improving the dielectric properties of the investigated systems. The modification proposed reveals new perspectives for using AuNPs in polymers cross-linked by metal-ligand coordination systems.     

用化学溶液方法在Ni-5at%W基底上制备La2Zr2O7过渡层的研究

La2Zr2O7(LZO)过渡层以其独特的物理化学性质越来越受到人们的关注。本文以乙酰丙酮镧和乙酰丙酮锆为前驱盐,丙酸为溶剂配置前驱液,用化学溶液方法(CSD)在具有立方织构的Ni-5at%W基底上制备了LZO过渡层薄膜。研究了前驱液成分、性质以及退火温度对LZO成相以及取向的影响。用常规XRD和X射线四环衍射仪分析了LZO薄膜的相成分和织构。结果显示,在1050℃下退火可以获得强立方织构的LZO薄膜,其中(222)峰的Phi扫描半高宽值为8.95°;(400)峰的Chi扫描半高宽值为6.8°。用高分辨扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察到LZO薄膜表面均匀致密,没有裂纹和空洞。     

An Experimental Study of a Flux Modulated Solid State Metathesis Reaction

A solid state metathesis (SSM) reaction was investigated with respect to the formation of rare‐earth carbodiimides, the role of the co‐produced salt (LiCl), and the eutectic flux medium (LiCl/KCl). A SSM reaction is characterized by an exothermic reaction in which a salt (often LiCl) is coproduced. When the salt melts, it can serve as a useful medium for the crystallization of a desired product. An improved crystal growth can be observed by using an eutectic flux. However, the composition of an eutectic LiCl/KCl flux is altered when LiCl is produced during the reaction. The thermal effects concerning the endothermic melting of the flux and the exothermic ingnition of the SSM reaction may compensate each other, which is not necessarily a drawback for the reaction to proceed.     

An Efficient Four‐component Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]triones

A four‐component reaction in the presence of Alum [KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O] as an inexpensive and reusable catalyst using the ionic liquid as an effective green reaction media is reported.     

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 on a copper electrode in 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF4) monitored by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

The electrochemical conversion of CO₂ into value‐added products using room temperature ionic liquids as solvent/electrolyte has been proposed as an alternative to minimize the environmental effects of CO₂ emissions. A key issue in the design of electrochemical systems for the reduction of CO₂ is the in situ identification of intermediate surface species as well as reaction products. Copper electrodes, besides being used as cathodes in the electrochemical reduction of CO₂, present surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) when properly activated. In this sense, the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ over a copper electrode in the room temperature ionic liquids 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF₄) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and by in situ SERS. The cyclic voltammetries have shown that the presence of CO₂ on the BMI.BF₄ anticipates the reduction of BMI⁺ to the corresponding carbene. Fourier‐transform‐SERS spectra excited at 1064 nm and SERS spectra excited at 632.8 nm have shown vibrational signals from adsorbed CO. These SERS results indicated that CO adsorbs on the copper surface at two different surface sites. The observation of a 2275 cm⁻¹ vibration in the SERS spectra also confirmed the presence of chemically adsorbed CO₂. Other products of CO₂ reduction in BMI.BF₄, besides CO, were identified, including BMI carbene and the BMI‐CO₂ adduct. The SERS results also suggest that the presence of a thin film of Cu₂O on the copper surface anticipates the reduction of CO₂ to CO, an important component of syngas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low-voltage antimony-doped SnO2 nanowire transparent transistors gated by microporous SiO2-based proton conductors

A battery drivable low-voltage transparent lightly antimony（Sb）-doped SnO2 nanowire electric-double-layer （EDL） field-effect transistor （FET） is fabricated on an ITO glass substrate at room temperature. An ultralow operation voltage of 1 V is obtained on account of an untralarge specific gate capacitance （- 2.14 μF/cm2） directly bound up with mobile ions-induced EDL （sandwiched between the top and bottom electrodes） effect. The transparent FET shows excellent electric characteristics with a field-effect mobility of 54.43 cm2/V. s, current on/off ration of 2 × 104, and subthreshold gate voltage swing （S = dVgs/d（logIds）） of 140 mV/decade. The threshold voltage Yth （0.1 V） is estimated which indicates that the SnO2 namowire transistor operates in an n-type enhanced mode. Such a low-voltage transparent nanowire transistor gated by a microporous SiO2-based solid electrolyte is very promising for battery-powered portable nanoscale sensors.     

激光击穿光谱技术监测固土过程中阳离子交换

为了实时探测离子土固化剂(ISS)在固土过程中的阳离子交换量(CEC),采用激光击穿光谱技术(LIBS),对ISS处理后的土壤溶液中的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al、Si这6种离子含量进行探测。分别对由不同配比(1∶100、1∶200和1∶300)的ISS处理过的高岭土、膨胀土、红粘土等5种标准土壤进行了研究,结果表明:同一土壤中的各种离子随ISS配比的变化趋势各不相同;不同土壤与ISS作用的效果各不相同;ISS的配比并非越高越好。这些工作为ISS固化机理的研究提供实验依据,而利用激光击穿光谱技术进行探测的方式为ISS固化机理的研究提供了新的思路。