一种用于大气探测的紫外成像仪光学系统设计

提出了一种将全景成像系统应用到大气临边探测的光学系统设计方案。首先考虑到特殊的工作波段以及创新性应用,根据应用技术指标,在传统全景环形透镜的基础上,结合探测器尺寸限制,精细调整四个球面的曲率半径,以便得到最佳光学传递函数。然后基于像差理论设计中继镜组系统,补偿全景环形透镜产生的像差,采用折射率n以及阿贝常数ν不同的双分离的正负透镜组合,负透镜采用熔石英,正透镜采用氟化钙,从而使色差最小。最后运用CODE-V光学设计软件对系统进行优化,列出重要的公差参数,为后续加工装调提出要求。优化结果表明,光学系统在各个视场的光学传递函数均达到了0.7以上,各视场能量集中度为80%的弥散圆直径均小于11 μm,完全满足设计指标要求,也证明了将全景环形成像系统应用到紫外波段大气临边探测的方案是可行的。     

非金属基体表面涂层质量检测方法研究

为研发新型的涂层检测方法,本文在分析和研究现阶段涂层质量检测技术的基础上,通过对输电线路绝缘子RTV涂层施涂质量的抽检实验,提出一种新型且适用于非金属基体表面涂层质量的检测方法——敲击测声法,用于基体为陶瓷、玻璃等高硬度材料,涂层为橡胶等低硬度材料的质量检测,可以保证在不损伤被测涂层的情况下检测涂层厚度、均匀度等质量指标。当基体与涂层有较明显硬度差别时,通过相同力度敲击被测涂层表面,检测返回的声强峰值(即分贝数值),判断非金属基体表面涂层质量的差异,并在检测软件Wensn Sound Link界面实时显示检测数据的变化,直观地反映检测结果。此方法对航天、电力、机械制造等多个领域的涂层检测具有良好的推广应用价值。     

Procedure for retrieval of atmospheric aerosol backscatter coefficient profiles from results of multi-wavelength lidar sounding

A measurement procedure is proposed to retrieve the profiles of atmospheric aerosol backscatter coefficients (β_a) from the results of multi-wavelength sounding of the atmosphere by a laser location system based on a Nd: YAG-laser. The procedure uses a regression dependence between spectral values of β_a (background aerosol model) and involves the determination of coefficients which characterize the relative spectral behavior of aerosol extinction. The stability of the procedure to spatial variations of the above coefficients, a deviation of β_a from the dependence used, and calibration and measurement errors is examined. This procedure is compared with the widely used Fernald method by means of a numeric experiment. This procedure is demonstrated to be effective for retrieving vertical profiles of β _a in the troposphere, especially in the short-wavelength region. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 347–353, May–June, 2008.     

On a method for detection of subsurface objects from ultrabroadband GPR data

An approach is presented, which allows determination of size and shape of subsurface low-contrast objects from their dielectric properties and location of people and things present inside the buildings from the echo ultrabroadband electromagnetic signals. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 94–99, November, 2008.     

Infrared radiative transfer modelling in a 3D scattering cloudy atmosphere: Application to limb sounding measurements of cirrus

The Monte Carlo cloud scattering forward model (McClouds_FM) has been developed to simulate limb radiative transfer in the presence of cirrus clouds, for the purposes of simulating cloud contaminated measurements made by an infrared limb sounding instrument, e.g. the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). A reverse method three-dimensional Monte Carlo transfer model is combined with a line-by-line model for radiative transfer through the non-cloudy atmosphere to explicitly account for the effects of multiple scattering by the clouds. The ice cloud microphysics are characterised by a size distribution of randomly oriented ice crystals, with the single scattering properties of the distribution determined by accurate calculations accounting for non-spherical habit.A comparison of McClouds_FM simulations and real MIPAS spectra of cirrus shows good agreement. Of particular interest are several noticeable spectral features (i.e. H₂O absorption lines) in the data that are replicated in the simulations: these can only be explained by upwelling tropospheric radiation scattered into the line-of-sight by the cloud ice particles.     

Two-dimensional characterization of atmospheric profile retrievals from limb sounding observations

Limb sounders measure atmospheric radiation that is dependent on atmospheric temperature and constituents that have a radial and angular distribution in Earth-centered coordinates. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of a limb retrieval to radial and angular distributions of trace gas concentrations, we perform and characterize one-dimensional (vertical) and two-dimensional (radial and angular) atmospheric profile retrievals. Our simulated atmosphere for these retrievals is a distribution of carbon monoxide (CO), which represents a plume off the coast of south-east Asia. Both the one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) limb retrievals are characterized by evaluating their averaging kernels and error covariances on a radial and angular grid that spans the plume. We apply this 2D characterization of a limb retrieval to a comparison of the 2D retrieval with the 1D (vertical) retrieval. By characterizing a limb retrieval in two dimensions the location of the air mass where the retrievals are most sensitive can be determined. For this test case the retrievals are most sensitive to the CO concentrations about 2° latitude in front of the tangent point locations. We find the information content for the 2D retrieval is an order of magnitude larger and the degrees of freedom is about a factor of two larger than that of the 1D retrieval primarily because the 2D retrieval can estimate angular distributions of CO concentrations. This 2D characterization allows the radial and angular resolution as well as the degrees of freedom and information content to be computed for these limb retrievals. We also use the 2D averaging kernel to develop a strategy for validation of a limb retrieval with an in situ measurement.     

下肢负重外骨骼机器人的初步设计

研究设计了一种能够增强人体负重的下肢外骨骼机器人,该负重外骨骼机器人具有8个自由度,可实现髋关节的外展与内收、屈/伸运动;膝关节的屈/伸运动以及踝关节的弯曲运动。根据人体步态分析研究出各个关节的运动角度范围,结合目标负重进行结构优化设计。对机器人的结构进行简化,建立了外骨骼机器人的连杆模型,根据其几何关系,采用D-H准则对外骨骼机器人进行了数学建模。以计算机、六轴运动控制卡和STM32为核心构建了控制系统,结合ZMP(Zero Moment Point)零力矩点稳定性判据及三次样条插值进行了步态规划,并将此步态规划应用于样机上。样机实验结果表明,此结构能够满足不同体型的人进行穿戴,并能够根据规划的步态轻松行走,验证了其结构和控制系统的合理性。     

基于独立成分分析的全波核磁共振信号噪声滤除方法研究

核磁共振测深(MRS)探水仪探测到的纳伏级微弱信号极易受到各种环境噪声的干扰, 严重影响信号特征参数的准确提取, 导致后续反演解释错误率增高. 针对这一难题, 提出了基于独立成分分析的快速固定点算法进行信噪分离. 首先分析了该算法用于全波MRS信号消噪的适用性; 其次, 采用数字正交法解决欠定盲源分离问题, 提出了频谱校正法实现分离信号幅值的有效恢复. 仿真结果表明, 该算法能够有效地实现全波MRS信号的信噪分离, 且数据拟合后初始振幅和弛豫时间的相对误差小于± 5.00%; 通过与其他经典算法的对比分析, 进一步证明了该算法消噪性能的优越性. 将该算法应用到野外实测信号处理, 结果证明其能有效滤除环境噪声.     

电离层回波多普勒谱的预处理

基于一种新型的电离层斜向返回探测系统，针对其不同于传统高频天波雷达的回波谱特点，提出了一种回波预处理方法．该方法通过最大值搜索法进行地波定标、平均插值法消除盲区和统计阈值法消除射频干扰，然后将探测得到的数据进行处理．结果表明，处理后的回波谱真实有效地反映了电离层状态，射频干扰得到了有效抑制（衰减了6～7dB）．     

物探方法在喀拉通克铜镍矿外围G21异常区的找矿应用

通过对G21异常区地质背景分析,结合喀拉通克铜镍矿的找矿地球物理模型,在异常区开展高精度重力、磁法测量,利用重磁异常圈定岩体的平面分布,利用瞬变电磁测深确定岩体的空间形态。通过钻探工程对综合物探异常开展验证,在岩体底部的辉长岩相中发现了铜镍工业矿体,物探工作在异常区取得了理想的找矿效果。