1-(4-安替比林)-3-(4-硝苯基)-三氮烯与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应研究及其应用

本文研究了题示试剂的一些性质及其与镉的显色反应。在TritonX-100存在下,pH为11.8～12.8时,镉(Ⅱ)与试剂生成黄色的1∶2型络合物,最大吸收位于454nm,而在536nm处,试剂与络合物吸收的差值最大。以454nm为参比波长,536nm为测量波长时,ε=2.32×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),线性范围。0～10μg/25ml。以双波长法成功地测定了人发中的镉含量,加入回收率为99％～102%,方法的相对标准偏差为0.87％。     

重庆某地区居民膳食及发铁、血红蛋白含量分析

通过对重庆市某地区居民膳食结构和营养状况的调查,了解居民营养状况,特别是铁的营养状况。采用五日回顾法进行了膳食调查,氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白值及示波极谱法测定了发铁含量。结果表明,居民膳食蛋白质、多种维生素、矿物质摄入不足;贫血率为67.81%,发铁含量低于正常值的仅为6.70%。提示两地居民膳食属发展中国家模式,应调整膳食结构,增加豆类及动物性食物的摄入量,并增加含铁食物的摄入量,提高机体对铁的吸收和利用。     

Adsorption of Chromium (VI) on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Azadirachta Indica</Emphasis> (Neem) Leaf Powder

A novel adsorbent was developed from mature leaves of the Neem tree (Azadirachta Indica) for removing metal ions from water. The adsorbent, in the form of fine powder, was found to be very effective in removing chromium (VI) from aqueous solution. The adsorption was carried out in a batch process taking different concentrations of the metal ion in aqueous solution with variation in adsorbent amount, pH, agitation time and temperature. The suitability of the adsorbent was tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and with various equilibrium kinetic data. A small amount of the Neem Leaf Powder (NLP) (1.6 g dm^–3) could remove as much as 87% of Cr (VI) in 300 min from a solution of concentration 14.1 mg dm^–3 at 300 K. The optimum range of pH for the adsorption process was 4.5–7.5 and since the natural pH of the Cr (VI) solution was 5.5, no addition of acid or alkali was necessary for achieving maximum adsorption. The adsorption coefficients indicated a high potentiality for the NLP to be used as an adsorbent for removing Cr (VI) from water.     

Determination of vanadium in human hair slurries by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

This work describes an analytical procedure for vanadium determination in human hair slurries by electrothermal AAS using longitudinal heating (LHGA) and transversal heating (THGA) graphite furnace atomizers. The samples were powdered using cryogenic grinding and the hair slurries containing 0.2% (m/v) were prepared in three different media for determination of vanadium: 0.14 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃, 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 0.1% (v/v) water soluble tertiary amines (CFA-C, pH 8). The limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), and characteristic masses obtained were 0.28, 0.95 μg L⁻¹ and 35 pg (LHGA) and 0.34, 1.13 μg L⁻¹ and 78 pg (THGA), respectively. The accuracy of the analytical results obtained by the proposed procedure in both equipments was confirmed by a paired t-test at the 95% confidence level and compared with a conventional procedure based on acid digestion.     

综合设计性实验教学探讨——用等厚干涉法测量头发丝直径

综合设计性实验可以培养学生对各种知识的综合运用能力，加深对实验原理的掌握，丰富实验内容，同时激发学生的实验兴趣．本文给出利用等厚干涉法测量头发丝直径的方法．     

发丝线径分布及横截面形状研究--直条衍射应用实例

应用直条衍射理论，通过对人的发丝线径分布及横截面形状进行实验研究，得到发丝线径分布均匀、且发丝横截面具有规则几何形状这一符合实际的结论。这是用衍射原理测量微小的一种简单、有效的方法。     

FAAS测定地梢瓜不同部位金属元素

采用HNO3-HClO4（4∶1）混酸消解地梢瓜的根、茎和叶,火焰原子吸收光谱法对消解液中的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe和Co9种金属元素进行了同时测定。获得了仪器测定的最佳工作条件、方法的准确性和精密度,结果显示：各元素平均加标回收率（n=6）为95.45%—102.26%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为0.18%—2.26%。地梢瓜不同部位各金属元素含量有一定差异,茎中Ca〉K〉Na〉Mg〉Fe〉Zn〉Co〉Mn〉Cu;叶中Ca〉K〉Na〉Mg〉Fe〉Co〉Zn〉Mn〉Cu;根中Ca〉K〉Fe〉Mg〉Na〉Zn〉Co〉Mn〉Cu。各部位均含有丰富的Ca、Mg、K、Na和Fe元素。测定方法快速、简单,准确度和精密度均较好,能达到分析要求。     

300例头发微量元素结果分析

为寻找病因、了解婴幼儿体内微量元素缺乏状态与某些疾病的关系,分析了300例发样中的锌、铁、铜、钙、锰、铅含量,结果显示婴幼儿病态下微量元素缺乏较为普遍,是婴幼儿食欲低下、生长发育迟缓、佝偻病、贫血症、多动症的主要病因,反复上呼吸道感染、腹痛、头痛也与体内微量元素浓度有关。     

反复呼吸道感染与微量元素的相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染与微量元素锌、铜、铁、钙的关系,剪取枕后下头发0．5－1g,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法检测了头发微量元素。结果表明：（1）反复呼吸道感染患儿发锌、铜、铁、钙含量明显低于正常健康儿童,差异有极显著性（P均＜0．01）。（2）反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,发锌、铜、锌、钙含量明显高于补充微量元素前,有显著性（P＜0．01或＜0．05）。（3）56例反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,随访其后1年内呼吸道感染次数的变化,明显减少者占80．4％;基本没变者占19．6％。可见,微量元素缺乏是引起反复呼吸道感染的重要原因之一。补充微量元素可减少呼吸道感染的次数。     

2623例4～7岁儿童头发微量元素的检测分析

为掌握广东省惠阳市儿童微量元素及营养状况,为今后的微量元素缺乏病的临床诊断提供科学依据。对本市2623例4－7岁集体儿童进行随机检测头发中元素钙、铁、锌、铜、锰、铅的含量。结果表明,异常儿占51．12％,女孩占36．33％;城市集体儿童异常占55．21％,乡镇集体儿童异常占44．18％。提示不论是城市的儿童或是儿童均存在微量元素的缺乏或过高,都是保健的重点。