反复呼吸道感染与微量元素的相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染与微量元素锌、铜、铁、钙的关系,剪取枕后下头发0．5－1g,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法检测了头发微量元素。结果表明：（1）反复呼吸道感染患儿发锌、铜、铁、钙含量明显低于正常健康儿童,差异有极显著性（P均＜0．01）。（2）反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,发锌、铜、锌、钙含量明显高于补充微量元素前,有显著性（P＜0．01或＜0．05）。（3）56例反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,随访其后1年内呼吸道感染次数的变化,明显减少者占80．4％;基本没变者占19．6％。可见,微量元素缺乏是引起反复呼吸道感染的重要原因之一。补充微量元素可减少呼吸道感染的次数。     

2623例4～7岁儿童头发微量元素的检测分析

为掌握广东省惠阳市儿童微量元素及营养状况,为今后的微量元素缺乏病的临床诊断提供科学依据。对本市2623例4－7岁集体儿童进行随机检测头发中元素钙、铁、锌、铜、锰、铅的含量。结果表明,异常儿占51．12％,女孩占36．33％;城市集体儿童异常占55．21％,乡镇集体儿童异常占44．18％。提示不论是城市的儿童或是儿童均存在微量元素的缺乏或过高,都是保健的重点。     

Nanomechanics of single keratin fibres: A Raman study of the α‐helix →β‐sheet transition and the effect of water

The use of micro‐Raman spectroscopy, through chemical‐bond, nano‐scale probes, allows the changes in conformations (α‐helix →β‐sheet), chain orientation, breakage of disulfide bonds (20%) and the increase of intra‐ and inter‐chain distances during the application of stress to be distinguished. The combination of micro‐Raman spectroscopy and a Universal Fibre Tester allows a quantitative measurement of the extension of chemical bonds in the peptide chain during loading. The nano‐structural transformations of keratin during strain of human hair in a dry environment (40–60% relative humidity) and saturated with water have been studied. Water permits the sliding of the chains and decreases the bond energy of the hair. Spectral analyses and 2D correlation are two coherent and independent methods to follow the structural nano‐mechanical (Raman) and micro‐mechanical (strain/stress) analyses, and confirm the validity of the experimental results, tools and principles used, as well as the agreement with the structural model of keratin fibres described by Chapman and Hearle. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

临川市儿童发铅含量调查

报道了临川市488名男女儿童头发中铅的含量,分析发现儿童发铅含量随年龄升高而下降,研究了产生儿童铅高的原因并提出了预防措施。     

Cu(Ⅱ)KIO_4胭脂红-1,10-菲罗啉体系催化动力学光度法测定人发中痕量铜

基于ｐＨ６．５ 的Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４ 缓冲介质中铜离子对高碘酸钾氧化胭脂红褪色反应的催化作用,提出了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜的新方法。研究了该方法的适宜反应条件,方法的检出限为１．１×１０－ ７ｇ／ＬＣｕ（Ⅱ）,表观摩尔系数ε＝ ７．８×１０５Ｌ·ｍ ｏｌ－ １·ｃｍ － １,线性范围为０～０．５μｇ／１０ｍ ＬＣｕ（Ⅱ）,方法已用于人发中痕量铜的测定     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定毛发中的司坦唑醇

采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)建立了毛发中司坦唑醇的分析方法,并将其应用于单次给药动物实验中的动物毛样品分析。将10 mg样品碱水解后加入戊烷提取,然后进行LC-MS/MS分析,采用正离子电喷雾电离、多反应监测模式测定,方法的最低定量限为25 pg/mg。剃去豚鼠背部中央的毛,以60 mg/kg的剂量于豚鼠腹腔注射司坦唑醇,然后隔天在同一部位剃取其毛,两周内该豚鼠毛中均能检出司坦唑醇;给药后豚鼠毛中司坦唑醇的含量在第1周内保持稳定,在给药后第10天达到峰值。所建立的方法毛发取样量少,特异性强,灵敏度高,适用于毛发中司坦唑醇的分析。     

高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测法快速测定育发类化妆品中8种违禁药物

建立了一种简单、快速同时测定育发类化妆品中8种违禁药物的分析方法。样品经甲醇提取后采用HLB固相萃取小柱净化,甲醇复溶后用Agilent Poroshell 120 Bonus-RP色谱柱分离,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器进行检测,可同时对米诺地尔、雌三醇、螺内酯、坎利酮、雌酮、雌二醇、己烯雌酚、黄体酮8种违禁药物进行定性和定量分析。在优化实验条件下,8种药物在0.5～100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,空白育发类化妆品在5.0、10.0、50.0 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的回收率为80%～96%,相对标准偏差为3.7%～8.9%。方法的定量下限(S/N=10)除螺内酯和黄体酮为2.0 mg/kg外,其余均为5.0 mg/kg。该方法简单、快速、准确,可满足育发类化妆品中8种违禁药物的检测要求。     

Simultaneous quantification of tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol in hair samples by gas chromatography–electron impact/mass spectrometry

Over recent years, hair has become the ideal matrix for retrospective investigation of chronic abuse, including for tramadol. However, in order to exclude the possibility of external contamination, it is also important to quantify simultaneously its main metabolite, O‐desmethyltramadol (M1), which presence in hair reflects systemic exposure. In the present study a methodology aimed at the simultaneous quantification of tramadol and M1 in human hair was developed and validated for the first time. After decontamination of hair samples (60 mg), tramadol and M1 were extracted with methanol in an ultrasonic bath (~5 h). Purification was performed by solid‐phase extraction using mixed‐mode extraction cartridges. Subsequently to derivatization, analysis was performed by gas chromatography–electron impact/mass spectrometry (GC‐EI/MS). The method proved to be selective. The regression analysis for both analytes was shown to be linear in the range of 0.1–20.0 ng/mg with correlation coefficients of 0.9995 and 0.9997 for tramadol and M1, respectively. The coefficients of variation oscillated between 3.85 and 13.24%. The limits of detection were 0.03 and 0.02 ng/mg, and the lower limits of quantification were 0.08 and 0.06 ng/mg for tramadol and M1, respectively. The proof of applicability was performed in hair samples from six patients undergoing tramadol therapy. All samples were positive for tramadol and M1. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑的抗水稻白叶枯病机制的探讨

药师寺国人等于1971年发现2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑(ATDA)具有优越的抗水稻白叶枯病菌的性能,并发现这种性能可被烟酰胺抵消.一般认为,ATDA的作用与细菌细胞中烟酰胺的代谢有关.为了探明ATDA的活性与结构的关系,并从中找出有效的同类化合物,进一步了解这个药剂的抗病机制,我们合成了几类新的噻二唑化合物,连同以前报导的     

微波消解-超声雾化-ICP-AES测定发样中微量元素

研究了微波消解-超声雾化-ICP-AES测定人发样品中12种常量、微量元素的方法。对样品的测定条件进行了优化，并对20例女性拉祜族长寿老人发样进行了测定。与普通老人比较，女性拉祜族长寿老人发样中Mn、Mo、Ge的含量均明显高于普通老人发样中含量，存在显著性差异。