原子吸收光谱测定刺五加中金属元素的含量

用原子吸收光谱法测定了刺五加根、茎、叶中Ca、Cu、Mg、Fe、Zn、K、Mn、Na等8种矿物质元素的含量,并对其结果进行了分析比较,以此研究了这8种金属元素在刺五加体内的分布。结果显示：各元素在实验范围内,线性关系良好,加标回收率在99%—109.6%之间,相对标准偏差为0.2%—1.8%。刺五加中不同部位的这8种元素间存在显著差异,根中Ca〉Mg〉K〉Fe〉Na〉Mn〉Zn〉Cu,其叶中的含量以K为高,而且各部位均有较高的Ca、Cu、Mg、Fe、Zn、K、Mn、Na。从微量元素的角度分析,刺五加的根、茎、叶均有一定的应用价值。     

ADI土壤水分反演方法

土壤水分是影响植被、土壤和大气之间能量和水分循环的重要因素,及时准确获取土壤湿度信息有利于提高作物估产精度和改善田间管理措施。本文基于红光与近红外光谱特征空间(NIR-RED)发展了一种新型土壤水分遥感监测模型ADI(angle dryness index),提高了可见光与近红外波段监测土壤水分的精度。经过研究表明,在红光与近红外(NIR-RED)特征空间中,存在一个中间角度变量θ,利用光谱反射率与土壤水分之间的经验关系式模型以及混合像元分解公式证明该变量能够表征土壤湿度情况,而不受植被覆盖度的影响,因此利用该原理构建了ADI方法。最后利用两组遥感数据(分别为TM5与MODIS产品数据)以及对应的地面观测数据进行验证,结果表明计算值与实测值均具有较高的一致性,R2分别达到0.74与0.64。同时,将MPDI的计算结果与实测值进行了比较,两组数据的R2均小于0.60,表明ADI方法的计算精度高于MPDI。在MPDI的计算过程中用到了植被覆盖度,这可能是引起计算结果误差的主要因素。此外,MPDI的计算结果表征土壤湿度的相对值,而ADI则能定量的获取土壤水分含量。MODIS像元除了具有植被与土壤两个端元,还有其他类型端元的概率高于TM数据,因而MODIS数据的计算精度低于TM。因此,ADI是一种简单可行且具有较大应用前景的土壤水分反演方法,适合于推广应用。     

Secondary-school teachers’ noticing of aspects of mathematics teaching talk in the context of one-day workshops

In a research project with one-day teacher education workshops for secondary-school mathematics teachers, our study explores the potential of tool-supported discussions in helping them to notice important and critical aspects of mathematics teaching talk. Mathematical practices of naming and explaining in teaching talk, students’ content learning challenges, and noticing processes of identifying, interpreting and deciding are the components of our framework and the tools that guided the design and implementation of three workshops on linear equations, fractions and plane isometries. The data was collected during the discussions with the seven teachers and the teacher educator throughout these workshops. The coding of the discussions allowed us to see discourse moves that reveal the teachers’ noticing of: (i) challenges in the identification of mathematical naming, (ii) mathematical explaining that voices the students’ learning, (iii) classroom practice in relation to mathematical naming and explaining.     

Processing of Spectropolarization Video Images

This paper considers the possibilities and results of using spectropolarization video photography of scenes for discriminating artificial and natural objects. A number of new methods for processing spectropolarization video images are proposed.     

On the efficiency of small-angle Čerenkov second harmonic generation in optical waveguides

It is well known that in the non-depleted pump approximation, the efficiency of a second harmonic generation (SHG) of a guided mode in a non-linear optical waveguide increases quadratically with the interaction length (P ₂ L ²), and linearly (P ₂ L) in the erenkov regime. The efficiency of the erenkov SHG in the waveguide with a non-linear substrate and linear guiding layer is known to be strongly peaked at a particular pump wavelength and a particular waveguide thickness, with the erenkov angle approaching zero. The known theory predicts an infinite efficiency value at the peak, however. In this contribution, a simple integral expression for the SHG efficiency in the erenkov regime is derived. For large erenkov angles and interaction lengths it yields the expected P ₂ L dependence, while in the limit of small erenkov angles the dependence is found to have the form of P L ^3/2, possessing also a finite value at the efficiency peak. The condition determining the accurate position of the efficiency peak in the waveguide thickness–pump wavelength plane is given, too.     

Noise Stability of SIS Receivers

There is a strong interest in the submillimeter astronomy community to increase the IF bandwidth of SIS receivers in order to better facilitate broad spectral linewidth and continuum observations of extragalactic sources. However, with an increase in receiver IF bandwidth there is a decrease in the mixer stability. This in turn effects the integration efficiency and quality of the measurement. In order to better understand the noise mechanisms responsible for reducing the receiver stability, we employed a technique first described by D.W. Allan and later elaborated upon by Schieder et al. In this paper we address a variety of factors that degrade the noise stability of SIS receivers. The goal of this exercise is to make recommendations aimed at maximizing SIS receiver stability.     

快冷Fe-Al合金中的原子缺陷弛豫

在多功能内耗仪上用自由衰减和强迫振动方法研究了不同Al含量淬火Fe-Al合金中的两个弛豫型内耗峰.结果显示：P1(180℃)和P2(340℃)两个内耗峰只出现在淬火样品的加热过程中，而在随后的冷却过程中不出现.P1峰是由在α和β(或γ)点阵上的空位组成的最近邻双空位偶极子在应力诱导下的重新取向产生的，其弛豫强度随Al含量非单调地变化，在大约25% Al(原子百分比，以下同)处出现最大值.Al含量较低的Fe-Al合金无     

基于叶片光学属性的作物叶片水分含量反演模型研究

叶片含水量是反映作物生理特性的一个重要参数, 对生态环境的研究具有重要意义。采用小波分析方法, 分析叶片含水量对反射率的影响特征, 建立综合利用多波段信息的作物叶片水分含量反演模型。基于PROSPECT模型的辐射传输理论, 推导出由叶片反射率光谱的小波系数反演叶片水分含量CW的理论模型。利用六种常用的小波函数, 对叶片组分水、干物质和白化基本层的吸收光谱进行小波分解。选取对水分变化最敏感, 同时对其他组分不敏感的分解尺度和波段位置, 找到能稳定突出水的光谱特征的小波系数。结果表明: bior1.5小波函数在尺度为200 nm, 波段位置为1 405和1 488 nm的小波系数具有上述特征。建立由叶片反射率光谱的bior1.5小波系数反演叶片水分含量CW的反演模型, 模型有两个转换系数a和Δ都受叶片结构参数N的影响。利用PROSPECT模型生成模拟光谱数据集, 校正建立的叶片水分含量反演模型中的两个转换系数a和Δ, 并与LOPEX93实验光谱数据集结合验证反演模型。结果表明: 反演模型不仅比传统基于植被指数的统计模型在精度上有提高(反演值与实测值的R2最高达到0.987), 而且更加稳定, 普适性更高。研究表明, 小波分析方法在利用高光谱数据反演作物叶片水分含量方面具有独特的优势。     

玉米叶片的光谱响应及其氮素含量预测研究

以不同施肥水平下两年玉米田间试验为基础,利用高光谱技术探讨大喇叭口期不同层次玉米叶片光谱响应的敏感区域,并依据叶片氮素含量与原始光谱反射率及其一阶导数的相关性,最终构建了叶片氮素含量的预测模型。结果表明：不同施肥水平下叶片光谱反射率差别明显区域集中在550 nm附近波段、761～1 300 nm波段,不同层次间叶片光谱反射率差别明显区域集中在550 nm附近波段,叶片氮素含量与470～760 nm波段光谱反射率及其一阶导数呈极显著相关。经过对比筛选,以光谱指数DSI(564,681)和DSI(681,707)构建的指数预测模型效果最好,预测精度达93.43%和93.39%,能有效估测叶片氮素含量。     

叶绿素紫外吸收特性的分析研究

鉴于光合作用对人类生存和发展的极其重要的地位,本文选取其关键载体——叶绿素进行其光谱的分析研究。在理论分析的基础上,使用WGD-8A型多功能组合光谱仪测量并分析了叶绿素的紫外吸收特性。结合实验结果和前人的研究成果,得出叶绿素在紫外波段281nm和312nm处有较强的吸收峰,紫外线对于光合作用有促进作用的结论,并提供了一种测量叶绿素含量的方法。