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181.
182.
Harriet Okatch Barbara Ngwenya Keleabetswe M. Raletamo Kerstin Andrae-Marobela 《Analytica chimica acta》2012
The determination of four potentially toxic heavy metals, arsenic, chromium, lead and nickel in twelve plant species used for the treatment of perceived HIV and AIDS-associated opportunistic infections by traditional healers in Ngamiland District in Northern Botswana, a metal mining area, was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry. The medicinal plants; Dichrostachys cinerea, Maerua angolensis, Mimusops zeyheri, Albizia anthelmintica, Plumbago zeylanica, Combretum imberbe, Indigofera flavicans, Clerodendrum ternatum, Solanum panduriforme, Capparis tomentosa, Terminalia sericea and Maytenus senegalensis contained heavy metals in varying quantities: arsenic 0.19–0.54 μg g−1, chromium 0.15–1.27 μg g−1, lead 0.12–0.23 μg g−1 and nickel 0.09–0.21 μg g−1 of dry weight. Chromium was found to be the most abundant followed by arsenic and lead. Nickel was undetectable in nine plant species. M. senegalensis contained the largest amounts of arsenic, chromium and lead. All metals determined were below the WHO permissive maximum levels. The possible maximum weekly intakes of the heavy metals following treatment regimes were insignificant compared to the provisional tolerable weekly intake levels recommended by WHO and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. This suggests that heavy metal exposure to patients originating from consumption of traditional medicinal plant preparations is within non health-compromising limits. 相似文献
183.
对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定Pb和Cu中 ,不同构形的石墨管存在的记忆效应问题进行了探索研究,并对石墨管采取改进措施,取得了良好的效果,有效地消除了记忆效应。 相似文献
184.
提出了直流示波极谱滴定高含量钼的新方法,在pH为4.5 ̄5.5的乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液中,以Pb(Ⅱ)为滴定剂滴定钼酸根离子,用JP-1A型示波极谱仪作检测器,根据滴定过程中铅波的出现来指示终点的到达。方法简便,快速,结果的准确度,精密度均符合容量分析的要求,适于各类高含量钼矿样中的测定。 相似文献
185.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(16):2467-2481
The content of lead in human hair was measured by high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS) combined with microwave-assisted digestion (MAD) and direct solid sampling (DSS). Hair strands were washed, dried, and then cut into three parts (root, middle portion, and tip). For MAD-GFAAS assays, approximately 0.25 g of hair was completely digested using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a closed system. In the DSS-GFAAS assays, 0.1–0.2 mg of dried hair was directly introduced into a graphite furnace using a solid autosampler. The temperature programs were optimized and the effects of various added modifiers were compared. The results indicated that NH4H2PO4 was the optimal modifier for analysis of Pb using GFAAS. Use of the optimal modifier and temperature program gave similar limits of detection for MAD-GFAAS and DSS-GFAAS of 1.16 ng/g and 0.82 ng/g, respectively. Both methods also produced satisfactory recoveries ranging from 98.69% to 103.14%. There was no significant difference observed between the Pb contents of hair strands determined by the MAD-GFAAS and DSS-GFAAS assays, which both indicated that the Pb levels increased along the hair strands. Comparison of the two methods revealed that DSS-GFAAS had several advantageous characteristics over MAD-GFAAS, including the need for much less sample material and having a less time-consuming procedure, lower sample blank absorbance, lower memory effect, and no risk of environmental pollution by digesting chemicals. The direct solid sampling technique can be employed as a good alternative to conventional wet digestion in AAS assays. 相似文献
186.
《Journal of Coordination Chemistry》2012,65(10):1545-1552
Lead(II) 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-naphthyl-1,3-butanedione (Htfnb) complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), [Pb2(bpy)2(tfnb)2] (1) and [Pb2(phen)2(tfnb)2] (2), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The self-assembly of 1 and 2 is likely to be caused by C–H ··· F–C, C–H ··· O and π–π stacking interactions. 相似文献
187.
Luke Bartkus Dulasiri Amarasiriwardena Bernardo Arriaza David Bellis Jorge Yaez 《Microchemical Journal》2011,98(2):267-274
Lead exposure has received increased attention over the past few decades since it has been shown to have adverse effects on physical and intellectual development in humans. The use of biological tissues such as blood, teeth, hair, and bone for assessment of lead exposure has been previously demonstrated. While analysis of blood for trace metals provides information concerning recent exposure, hair offers insight into a period of several months, and is preferable since it is non-invasively collected and easily stored. The present study analyzed total of 49 ancient hair samples for lead (PbH) using LA-ICP-MS. Samples belonged to an ancient fisher hunter–gatherer culture called the “Chinchorro,” and who occupied regions of the Atacama Desert on the northern coast of Chile from approximately 5000–1500 B.C. and practiced the first-known form of artificial mummification. Several samples from a post-Chinchorro agricultural community (n = 12) ca. 1000–1400 A.D. were also analyzed. A suite of hair standards was developed using contemporary hair from the same region and was subsequently used to make linear calibration functions for lead determination in single strands of hair using LA-ICP-MS. Three linear scans ranged from 500 to 1000 μm were performed for each sample and signal intensities were normalized over 13C. The distribution of lead in the central medulla in a 100 μm cross-section scan of hair strand demonstrated minimal exogenous contamination. Hair lead (PbH) concentrations ranged between 2.2 μg/g and 12.8 μg/g could be accurately quantified with these standards. Twenty one out of 49 samples (43%) showed PbH concentrations higher than the average value of 5 μg/g for unexposed individuals (range 1.1–228.0 μg/g). Median hair lead concentrations by burial sites and are shown in order of decreasing concentration: Morro (13.8 μg/g) > Iquique (6.6 μg/g) > Azapa (4.5 μg/g) > Yungay (4.1 μg/g) > Camarones (2.7 μg/g). Most of the burial sites showed PbH concentrations greater than the normal value for unexposed individuals and outliers heavily influenced average concentrations. The results suggest that the Chinchorro and later agro-pastoral populations were not widely exposed to naturally elevated lead. 相似文献
188.
Shiun-Sheng JanJung-Lung Chiang Ying-Chung Chen Jung-Chuan ChouChien-Chuan Cheng 《Analytica chimica acta》2002,469(2):205-216
The sol-gel-derived lead titanate (PbTiO3) membrane has been successfully applied as a pH sensitive layer to form the PbTiO3 gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET). There exhibit the excellent quasi-Nernstian response of 56-59 mV pH−1, good surface adsorption and anticorrosion characteristics via the C-V measurement of the EIS structure. At a specific pH concentration, the output and transfer characteristics are very similar to the behaviours of MOSFETs, and the ISFET model can be derived by the modified MOSFET model. As it operated in the nonsaturation region, there exhibits a linear pH response of about 56-59 mV pH−1. On the other hand, as it operated in the saturation region, the pH response and linearity can be controlled by adjusting the VGS values, e.g. the pH responses of −4.2, −24.8 and −31.3 μA pH−1 and the correlation coefficients of 0.9491, 0.9995 and 0.9996 at VGS=1, 3 and 5 V can be obtained, respectively. Besides, in order to get the best pH response and the minimized leakage current, the heat treatment temperature of the PbTiO3 membrane must be limited between 350 and 450 °C. 相似文献
189.
《Electroanalysis》2005,17(14):1291-1301
The formation of complex species between lead and TAPSO, a commercialized biological buffer, was evidenced and discussed. Formation constants of Pb? (TAPSO)x? (OH)y system have been studied by direct current polarography and by glass electrode potentiometry at fixed total–ligand and total–metal concentration ratio and varied pH, at 25.0 °C and ionic strength set to 0.1 M KNO3. The graphic analysis revealed to be a very powerful tool in the prediction and refinement operations of Pb–(TAPSO)x? (OH)y system. The proposed final model for this system is: PbL, PbL2, PbL2(OH) and PbL2(OH)2, with stability constants values, as log β, of 3.7±0.1, 6.6±0.1, 12.9±0.1 and 17.8±0.1, respectively. 相似文献
190.
Meng-Dawn Cheng Leslie KarrJohn Kornuc David StaatThomas Wainman Bryan HarreBarbara Sugiyama 《Microchemical Journal》2002,72(2):209-219
High levels of lead in some occupational environments still exist. These include lead paint abatement sites, smelting operations, small arms firing ranges, and other construction scenarios. New emerging technologies provide the capability to provide an on-site alternative to conventional laboratory methods for airborne lead. In this paper we describe the evaluation of two such technologies using laboratory prepared lead-laden super-micron aerosol particles. Size measurements by TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer™ indicated the fluctuation of the peak particle sizes varying less than 1% among different runs for a given solution concentration. The content of lead embedded in the particles varied from 14 to 18% between runs of three different lead solution concentrations. A commercially available instrument for airborne lead measurement, AeroLead™, showed promise of becoming fully validated with the addition of design enhancements, although not fully validated by the end of the research program. Some of these areas being reworked by the manufacturer include working electrode issues, such as a more uniform surface area. Once these have been addressed, the manufacturer plans to complete the field and laboratory validation procedures. In a subsequent study, the ABF-LIPS results shown in this paper indicated that the technology could be used to quantify lead in aerosol form with a signal-to-noise ratio of three or larger of approximately 100 μg m−3 or higher quantity in a few minutes of measurement interval. The estimated detection limit for Pb using the ABF-LIPS prototype was approximately 60 μg m−3. In comparison the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) limit for Pb emission is 250 μg m−3. 相似文献