8-羟基喹啉快速共沉淀分离富集原子吸收光谱法测定啤酒中的Cu和Pb

研究了用8-羟基喹啉-Mg(Ⅱ)共沉淀体系,以Mn(Ⅱ)为内标,快速共沉淀分离富集啤酒中的铜和铅,并用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定的方法。共沉淀受pH值、载体镁和内标锰用量的影响。结果显示在pH为9的条件下,能够定量共沉淀试样中的铜和铅。当试液为100 mL时,方法的检出限分别为铜6.28×10-3 μg·mL-1,Pb 2.26×10-2 μg·mL-1回收率为97.6%～103.0%,基本消除了基体干扰,取得了较为满意的结果。该方法无需收集全部沉淀,与传统的共沉淀方法比较,克服了收集沉淀费时的缺点。方法快速、简便、重现性好。     

微波消解-CTAB增敏-HG-ICP-AES法测定中药黄芪中的痕量铅

采用微波消解技术处理样品,建立了CTAB增敏-氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(HG-ICP-AES)测定中药黄芪中痕量铅的分析方法。讨论了微波消解试剂、微波消解参数对消解效果的影响,系统地研究了氢化物发生的最佳条件。采用HNO₃+H₂O₂+H₂O为微波消解最佳试剂,在选定的最佳氢化物发生条件下,铅的线性范围为0.23～800 μg·L-1, 相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.23 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差为1.02%, 样品加标回收率为98.8%～100.1%。结果表明,微波消解法处理中草药,具有快速、简便、节省试剂、消解完全等特点,测定结果的精密度和准确度令人满意。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定菜籽及饼粕中铅和镉

目前菜籽及饼粕的综合利用越来越受到人们的重视,同时重金属的污染问题也日益引起人们广泛的关注,因此测定菜籽及饼粕中铅和镉的含量具有十分重要的意义。文章研究了微波消解溶剂、微波时间和压力对样品消解效果的影响,优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定条件,建立了一种快速检测菜籽及饼粕中铅、镉含量的有效方法。研究表明,铅、镉的检出限分别为2.172 μg·L-1(54.30 ng·g-1)、0.243 μg·L-1(6.075 ng·g-1),其线性范围分别为0～100 μg·L-1,0～8 μg·L-1;样品测定回收率在80.8%～110.7%之间,RSD小于5.3%。该法具有检出限低、灵敏度高、快速、准确的特点,用于实际样品测定的结果令人满意。     

The impact of stochastic lead time reduction on inventory cost under order crossover

We use exponential lead times to demonstrate that reducing mean lead time has a secondary reduction of the variance due to order crossover. The net effect is that of reducing the inventory cost, and if the reduction in inventory cost overrides the investment in lead time reduction, then the lead time reduction strategy would be tenable.We define lead time reduction as the process of decreasing lead time at an increased cost. To date, decreasing lead times has been confined to deterministic instances. We examine the case where lead times are exponential, for when lead times are stochastic, deliveries are subject to order crossover, so that we must consider effective lead times rather than the actual lead times. The result is that the variance of these lead times is less than the variance of the original replenishment lead times.Here we present a two-stage procedure for reducing the mean and variance for exponentially distributed lead times. We assume that the lead time is made of one or several components and is the time between when the need of a replenishment order is determined to the time of receipt.     

Quantification of Tin and Lead in Binary Alloys Using Voltammetry of Immobilized Microparticles

Voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VMP) has been used in this work for the quantitative determination of tin and lead particles in their binary alloys. Carbon paste electrodes, which contained small amounts of tin and lead or their mixtures, were used as working electrodes and square wave voltammograms of each electrode were recorded. Quantification was performed using optimum experimental conditions, obtained by an experimental design technique. The calibration was made by measuring the percentage peak height of each metal taking the sum of peak currents of the both metals as 100 %. The results were compared with quantitative results of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) technique to evaluate the capability of VMP method in its quantitative determination of solid samples.     

Analysis of refractometric fiber optic state-of-charge (SOC) monitoring sensor for lead acid battery

In situ monitoring of the state of charge (SOC) of lead acid battery is important to understand the residual electrical energy. Usage of battery reduces the charge content of the active electrolyte which in turn changes its refractive index. This paper reports refractometric fiber optic sensor developed for on-line monitoring of SOC. The SOC is monitored during discharging phases of the battery using the developed fiber optic sensor probe along with terminal voltage, temperature and depth of discharge using a LABVIEW based data acquisition system. The paper gives the working principle, design and construction details, results and calibration of the fiber optic sensor (FOS) probe. The in situ monitoring capability of the developed FOS is demonstrated in comparison with the contemporary off-line methods of specific gravity and terminal voltage measurements.     

Use of a Tensammetric Wave for the End-Point Detection in Chelatometry

Abstract

A new method for the end-point detection in complexometric titration using a tensammetric wave of organic reagents such as oxine and alizarin complexone (ALC) was studied. The tensammetric wave of these reagents disappears by their chelate formation and reappears by the liberation of free indicator during the exchange reaction between indicator chelate and EDTA. This mechanism is utilized for the end-point detection in complexometric titration of metals. Since the sensitivity of tensammetric wave is extremely high, very sharp end-point can be obtained for the titration of metals even in the concentration of 10^?5M.     

石墨炉-原子吸收光谱法测定含维生素B_(12)制品中铅量

提出了用石墨炉-原子吸收光谱法测定维生素B_(12)制品(例如含维生素B_(12)的保健食品及饲料等)中铅的含量。样品于压力罐中用硝酸及过氧化氢经在60℃～160℃范围内阶梯升温消解,所得溶液蒸缩至0.5mL后,加水定容至10mL,按选定的仪器工作条件测定其中铅量。采用热解涂层平台石墨管。用阶梯升温方式先后于350℃(5s)和550℃(2 s)进行灰化,并选择在1700℃进行原子化。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.1ng。在20.0μg·L~(-1)浓度水平上重复测定8次做回收及精密度试验,测得平均回收率为100.2%,相对标准偏差为0.39%。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定蜂胶中铅

提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定蜂胶中铅含量的方法,样品采用微波消解,用磷酸二氢铵基体作为改进剂,方法的精密度(n=7)在1.1%～1.3%之间,回收率在91.8%～101.9%之间。     

An Micro-Bandpasss (6.3≈7.6μm) Filter for the Multichannel Scanning Radiometer

Optical coatings are designed and produced for the multichannel scanning radiometer meteorological space instrument operating in the spectral range 6.37.6m. First the choice of substrates and layers materials is discussed. Then the substrate temperatures dependent effects of three different Te-enriched PbTe single layers on the dispersion and absorption characteristics and carrier concentration are studied. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the coating made using PbTe + 0.3 at. % Te material is better than that of the others. Finally, details of the spectral design and manufacture of such a filter which meets the demanding bandwidth and transparency requirements of the application are presented. This design model is based on the optical and semiconductor properties of a multilayer filter containing PbTe layer materials in combination with the dielectric dispersion of ZnSe deposited on the a Ge substrate. Comparisons between the computed spectral performance of the model and spectral measurements from manufactured coatings over a wavelength range of 6.37.6m are presented.