用XRD法研究MCM-22分子筛的逐级放大合成

在100,250和1 000 mL高压釜静态成功合成MCM-22分子筛的基础上,在2,5和200 L高压釜中进行了MCM-22分子筛的动态合成试验,对合成的样品用XRD等技术进行了表征。结果表明,在静态和动态条件下合成的样品,全部为纯相MCM-22分子筛,且结晶度较高,从100 mL到200 L的放大试验是成功的。     

格结构在晶体梳状滤波器设计中的应用

利用数字信号处理中的格滤波器理论,研究了晶体梳状滤波器的设计方法.当传输函数满足对称和功率互补时,分析指出滤波器的阶数是奇数,N阶滤波器只需要(N+1)/2个波片,且所用波片的厚度比为1∶2∶2…2或2∶2…2∶1;提出了对半带滤波器传输函数作谱分解得到光梳状滤波器传输函数的方法.在此基础上总结出根据应用要求设计晶体梳状滤波器传输函数和结构参量的方法,通过设计一个7阶滤波器,表明提出的方法设计过程简单,且设计结果符合梳状滤波特征.     

Effect of Cationic Lipid Nanoparticle Loaded siRNA with Stearylamine against Chikungunya Virus

Chikungunya is an infectious disease caused by mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV). It was reported that NS1 and E2 siRNAs administration demonstrated CHIKV inhibition in in vitro as well as in vivo systems. Cationic lipids are promising for designing safe non-viral vectors and are beneficial in treating chikungunya. In this study, nanodelivery systems (hybrid polymeric/solid lipid nanoparticles) using cationic lipids (stearylamine, C9 lipid, and dioctadecylamine) and polymers (branched PEI-g-PEG -PEG) were prepared, characterized, and complexed with siRNA. The four developed delivery systems (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were assessed for stability and potential toxicities against CHIKV. In comparison to the other nanodelivery systems, F4 containing stearylamine (Octadecylamine; ODA), with an induced optimum cationic charge of 45.7 mV in the range of 152.1 nm, allowed maximum siRNA complexation, better stability, and higher transfection, with strong inhibition against the E2 and NS1 genes of CHIKV. The study concludes that cationic lipid-like ODA with ease of synthesis and characterization showed maximum complexation by structural condensation of siRNA owing to high transfection alone. Synergistic inhibition of CHIKV along with siRNA was demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, ODA-based cationic lipid nanoparticles can be explored as safe, potent, and efficient nonviral vectors overcoming siRNA in vivo complexities against chikungunya.     

超导故障限流器的研究现状及其应用

超导故障限流器(Superconducting Fault Current Limiter,SFCL)是利用超导体的基本特性,有效限制电力系统故障短路电流,提高电网安全性和稳定性的一种新型电力设备。文中在综合大量文献的基础上,对超导故障限流器进行了一种较为系统的分类。基于该种分类,结合目前国内外的研究现状,就电阻型、磁屏蔽型、饱和铁芯电抗器型、桥路型SFCL的工作原理作了详细的分析介绍,还给出了它们在电力系统中的安装位置。最后,对超导故障限流器的研究中存在的问题及其发展趋势做了说明。     

Traveling Wave Solutions in a Chemotaxis Model with Two Chemoattractants

In this work, we investigate the existence and non-existence of traveling wave solutions for a chemotaxis model with two chemoattractants. To prove our main results, we apply the dynamical systems theory by constructing a positively invariant set in the four-dimensional space. Particularly, we analyze the monotonicity of traveling wave solutions.     

聚乙撑二氧噻吩阳极降解的研究

研究了聚乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)膜在水溶液中的阳极降解过程. 研究发现PEDOT的阳极过程可以分为p掺杂区[电位范围－0.3～0.5 V (相对于饱和甘汞电极; vs. SCE)]、过渡区[电位范围0.6～1 V (vs. SCE)]、过氧化区[电位范围1.2～1.6 V (vs. SCE)]三个电位区域. 用电化学阻抗谱法、循环伏安法、红外光谱技术、膜电阻测量以及电子自旋共振技术分别研究了PEDOT膜在这三个电位区域的行为. 结果表明: PEDOT膜在这三个电位区域的性质有明显不同. 在p掺杂区PEDOT膜的官能团、共轭结构、导电性均保持, 即在这个电位区发生可逆的掺杂/脱掺杂反应, 膜几乎不降解. 在过渡区和过氧化区, PEDOT膜均发生了降解. 与传统的导电聚合物在高电位的阳极降解的过氧化过程不同, 我们认为膜在较高电位(过渡区)发生一个驰豫过程, 该过程使得膜的官能团改变, 但是膜的共轭结构和导电性均保持; 而在更高的电位区(过氧化区)膜的降解和一般意义的过氧化降解相同, 此时膜的官能团、共轭结构、导电性均发生不可逆的破坏.     

The Effect of pH and Sodium Caseinate on the Aqueous Solubility,Stability, and Crystallinity of Rutin towards Concentrated Colloidally Stable Particles for the Incorporation into Functional Foods

Poor water solubility and low bioavailability of hydrophobic flavonoids such as rutin remain as substantial challenges to their oral delivery via functional foods. In this study, the effect of pH and the addition of a protein (sodium caseinate; NaCas) on the aqueous solubility and stability of rutin was studied, from which an efficient delivery system for the incorporation of rutin into functional food products was developed. The aqueous solubility, chemical stability, crystallinity, and morphology of rutin (0.1–5% w/v) under various pH (1–11) and protein concentrations (0.2–8% w/v) were studied. To manufacture the concentrated colloidally stable rutin–NaCas particles, rutin was dissolved and deprotonated in a NaCas solution at alkaline pH before its subsequent neutralisation at pH 7. The excess water was removed using ultrafiltration to improve the loading capacity. Rutin showed the highest solubility at pH 11, while the addition of NaCas resulted in the improvement of both solubility and chemical stability. Critically, to achieve particles with colloidal stability, the NaCas:rutin ratio (w/w) had to be greater than 2.5 and 40 respectively for the lowest (0.2% w/v) and highest (4 to 8% w/v) concentrations of NaCas. The rutin–NaCas particles in the concentrated formulations were physically stable, with a size in the range of 185 to 230 nm and zeta potential of −36.8 to −38.1 mV, depending on the NaCas:rutin ratio. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of rutin in different systems were 76% to 83% and 2% to 22%, respectively. The concentrated formulation containing 5% w/v NaCas and 2% w/v rutin was chosen as the most efficient delivery system due to the ideal protein:flavonoid ratio (2.5:1), which resulted in the highest loading capacity (22%). Taken together, the findings show that the delivery system developed in this study can be a promising method for the incorporation of a high concentration of hydrophobic flavonoids such as rutin into functional foods.     

Non-fickian diffusion in thin polymer films

Diffusion of penetrants through polymers often does not follow the standard Fickian model. Such anomalous behavior can cause difficulty when designing polymer networks for specific uses. One type of non-Fickian behavior that results is so-called case II diffusion, where Fickian-like fronts initially move like √t with a transition to a non-Fickian concentration profile and front speed for moderate time. A mathematical model is presented that replicates this behavior in thin polymer films, and an analysis is performed that yields relevant dimensionless groups for study. An unusual result is derived: In certain parameter ranges, the concentration profile can change concavity, reflecting Fickian behavior for short times and non-Fickian behavior for moderate times. Asymptotic and numerical results are then obtained to characterize the dependence of such relevant quantities as failure time, front speed, and mass transport on these dimensionless groups. This information can aid in the design of effective polymer protectant films. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Kinetic study of radical polymerization of dialkyl fumarates using electron spin resonance spectroscopy

The radical polymerization of dialkyl fumarates (DRF) bearing various ester alkyl groups was kinetically studied. The propagation and termination rate constants were determined using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The introduction of the bulky ester alkyl groups such as a tert-butyl group decreased the termination rate constant as expected. However, it has also been revealed that the bulky groups promote propagation despite the steric repulsion. The propagation rate and mechanism are discussed in relation to the propagation manner, i.e., tacticity of the polymer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Study of the thermal decomposition of potassium persulfate by potentiometry and capillary electrophoresis

Two methods of analysis, potentiometry and capillary electrophoresis, were used to study the decomposition of potassium persulfate (KPS) in aqueous solutions. The experiments were carried out in a glass reactor equipped with continuous control of temperature and pH during the reaction. The effect of the pH on the decomposition of KPS was investigated. The rate of KPS decomposition in the presence of a variety of additives (surfactants, inhibitor, monomer-like molecules, and monomers), which are used in emulsion polymerization recipes, was also studied over the temperature range of interest. The rate of disappearance of the persulfate ion was greatly increased in the presence of hydroquinone, but changed very little in the presence of surfactants. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.