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排序方式: 共有511条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Thomas Schubert Michael Bärmann Monika Rusp Walter Gränzer Motomu Tanaka 《Journal of membrane science》2008
In this work cellular bovine prion protein (PrPc) was incorporated in supported lipid membranes and its lateral diffusion was studied by single-dye tracking (SDT) and a complementary ensemble method, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). PrPc was purified from calf brain with its native glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and reconstituted into DMPC lipid vesicles. Homogeneous spreading on solid supports over macroscopic areas was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. FRAP results demonstrated very high mobile fractions of up to 94%, confirming that most of the GPI-anchored PrPc are freely diffusive in the fluid supported membrane matrix. Moreover, the lateral diffusivity of PrPc significantly depends on the pH of the buffer, suggesting that the conformation of PrPc and thus the frictional drag exerted to the protein molecule (and thus the effective hydrodynamic radius) is influenced by the effective net charge. To complement the ensemble results obtained by FRAP, the statistical variation of lateral diffusion coefficients of individual PrPc molecules in the supported membranes were measured with SDT. Simulation-based statistical analysis indicated that in addition to the expected statistical scatter there is a significant spread of diffusion coefficients, while the average of the diffusion coefficients of individual proteins obtained by SDT is in excellent agreement with those measured by ensemble FRAP. In further experiments, PrPc was laterally concentrated in the membrane by the application of tangential electric fields (membrane electrophoresis). However, the equilibrium concentration profile reached after 20 min was different from an exponential gradient. This finding suggests that PrPc purified from bovine brain possesses non-uniform net charges. As the lateral diffusion coefficient of proteins in two-dimensional lipid membranes sensitively depends upon the frictional drag, the combination of SDT, ensemble FRAP, and membrane electrophoresis can be used as a powerful tool to gain insights into protein–protein binding and oligomer formation that would play a crucial role in infectious protein transmitted diseases such as BSE. 相似文献
82.
83.
Tingting Tang 《Optik》2013
We study the lateral shifts of reflected light beams in a prism–waveguide system with uniaxially anisotropic metamaterial including lossless and lossy system. The conditions for appearance of large lateral shift are deduced in a lossless system and the expression of lateral shift in a lossy system is derived. Simulation results illustrate the influence of imaginary part of every parameter in the prism–waveguide system on lateral shift. The anisotropy of metamaterial brings us more flexibility in designing new style photonic devices, such as sensors with high sensitivity based on accurate control of constructive parameters of metamaterial. 相似文献
84.
1, 3 and 5 mol% ZnO doped LiNbO3 film and 2 mol% MgO doped LiNbO3 multilayer films were grown on the LiNbO3 (001) substrate by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method with a Li2O‐V2O5 system. We examined the optical transmission spectra of the Zn:LiNbO3 by Fourier Transform‐Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT‐IR). The crystallinity and the lattice mismatch between the Zn:LiNbO3 film and Mg:LiNbO3 film was confirmed by x‐ray rocking curve (XRC) and observed the ZnO and MgO distribution in the cross‐section of the multilayer thin films by electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). Furthermore, the surface morphology of the films was observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
85.
A.C.C. van Wijk I.J.B.F. AdanG.J. van Houtum 《European Journal of Operational Research》2012,218(3):624-635
We consider a continuous-time, single-echelon, multi-location inventory model with Poisson demand processes. In case of a stock-out at a local warehouse, a demand can be fulfilled via a lateral transshipment (LT). Each warehouse is assigned a pre-determined sequence of other warehouses where it will request for an LT. However, a warehouse can hold its last part(s) back from such a request. This is called a hold back pooling policy, where each warehouse has hold back levels determining whether a request for an LT by another warehouse is satisfied. We are interested in the fractions of demand satisfied from stock (fill rate), via an LT, and via an emergency procedure from an external source. From these, the average costs of a policy can be determined. We present a new approximation algorithm for the evaluation of a given policy, approximating the above mentioned fractions. Whereas algorithms currently known in the literature approximate the stream of LT requests from a warehouse by a Poisson process, we use an interrupted Poisson process. This is a process that is turned alternatingly On and Off for exponentially distributed durations. This leads to the On/Off overflow algorithm. In a numerical study we show that this algorithm is significantly more accurate than the algorithm based on Poisson processes, although it requires a longer computation time. Furthermore, we show the benefits of hold back levels, and we illustrate how our algorithm can be used in a heuristic search for the setting of the hold back levels. 相似文献
86.
87.
Metallic thin-walled round tubes are widely used as energy absorption elements. However, lateral splash of the round tubes under impact loadings reduces the energy absorption efficiency and may cause secondary damage. Therefore, it is necessary to assemble and fasten round tubes together by boundary constraints and/or fasteners between tubes, which increases the time and labor cost and affects the mechanical performance of round tubes. In an effort to break through this limitation, a novel self-locked energy-absorbing system has been proposed in this paper. The proposed system is made up of thin-walled tubes with dumbbell-shaped cross section, which are specially designed to interlock with each other and thus provide lateral constraint under impact loadings. Both finite element simulations and impact experiment demonstrated that without boundary constraints or fasteners between tubes, the proposed self-locked energy-absorbing system can still effectively attenuate impact loads while the round tube systems fail to carry load due to the lateral splashing of tubes. Furthermore, the geometric design for a single dumbbell-shaped tube and the stacking arrangement for the system are discussed, and a general guideline on the structural design of the proposed self-locked energy absorbing system is provided. 相似文献
88.
Pulsatile flows in a lateral aneurysm anchored on a stented and curved parent vessel 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
We present particle tracking velocimetry measurements and flow visualization of pulsatile flow fields in a stented cerebrovascular
lateral aneurysm model with a wide ostium anchored on a curved parent vessel. Among the stent parameters, the blocking ratioC
α ranging from 0% to 75% was selected to study its effect on the changes of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics for the reference
of minimally invasive endovascular aneurysm treatment. The Womersley number was 3.9 and the mean, peak, and minimal Reynolds
numbers based on the bulk average velocity and diameter of the parent vessel were 600, 850, and 300, respectively. The results
are characterized in terms of velocity vector field, coded streak images, region averaged velocity, vorticity, and wall shear
stress. A critical range ofC
α related to the inflow location as well as the shape and number of intra-aneurysmal vortices is identified. The intra-aneurysmal
flow activity, vortex strength, and wall shear stress are found to decrease with increasingC
α. Among theC
α examined,C
α=75% is the most favorable in attenuating the risk of aneurysmal rupture and promoting intra-aneurysmal thrombus. 相似文献
89.
Bearings, friction wheels, cams, etc. are widely employed elements in machine construction. The modeling of the dynamics of rolling friction plays therefore a crucial role in the simulation and optimization of such systems. This paper describes a recently developed transient-rolling-friction model with its application to different generic dynamical systems, to simulate the effects of rolling friction or traction on the dynamics of mechanical systems. The results, which are expressed in terms of the complex stiffness arising in the rolling-contact patches, show that the behavior depends on both the amplitude and the frequency of oscillation. For low amplitudes and frequencies, the behavior is quasi-linear. For increasing amplitudes and frequencies, however, strong non-linearities appear, leading to complex behavior. 相似文献
90.
Previous field studies have shown the influence of turning vehicles on rut formation or sinkage. In order to further investigate the relationships, laboratory tests were conduced on a 14.5–20.3 6-PR trailer tire and an Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) track shoe in sand. Lateral displacements, and resulting lateral forces, were applied to the tire and track shoe under constant normal forces. The tire was pulled laterally and the track shoe was pulled back and forth to represent actual movement during vehicle turning. Results show that the lateral force and lateral displacement generated by turning maneuver affect sinkage severely for wheeled and tracked vehicles. The final sinkage caused by the lateral force for the tire is 3–5 times to the static sinkage. For the track shoe, the final sinkage caused by the lateral displacement is about three times to the static sinkage. 相似文献