用于高温等离子体实验的C_8H_8簿膜

一、引言 在核聚变、X射线激光和激光等离子体的研究中,对高温等离子体辐射的X射线诊断,是了解等离子体与激光相互作用的最基本的手段之一。对激光等离子体X射线光谱的分析认为,X射线光子能量在1keV附近的产额最高,所带的信息量亦最丰富,因此人们对等离子体的诊断研究大都集中在这一软X射线波段上。而用于该波段的各类探测器所需要的滤     

激光产生蒸汽羽的干涉研究

 根据拍摄1.06 μm长脉冲钕玻璃激光与LY12铝靶耦合产生蒸汽羽的干涉分幅照片，测出在t<50 μs空气冲击波速度约为473 m/s而蒸汽羽阵面扩散速度约为162 m/s。运用蒸汽羽等离子体的有关热力学特性方程组，得到蒸汽羽等离子体的电子密度、电子温度、电离度和吸收系数的最大值分别为N_e≈3.1×10¹⁷ cm^-1，T≈6 096 K，η≈0.014，α_(1.06μm)≈0.03 cm^-1的结果。     

应用理性优化蚁群算法提高激光三维复制的重现度

三维复制人工耳和打印手枪把激光三维复制技术推向新的一页。激光三维扫描是激光应用中一个新兴的重要领域,在三维复制中扮演着无可替代的角色,其复制精度在目前所有复制技术中是最高的。而重现度标志着复制结果与复制对象几何形状上的一致程度,是激光三维复制最重要的指标。分析了激光三维复制的误差,得出激光扫描的点云数据处理是减小误差、提高重现度的关键所在的结论。主要创新点在于,在传统蚁群算法的基础上,将提出理性优化蚁群算法应用于激光三维复制中的数据处理。经计算对比发现,有效减小了复制的误差,提高了复制的重现度。     

激光刻蚀银纳米粒子岛膜的SERS特性

利用激光刻蚀的方法,通过改变激光脉冲的能量,制备出一系列的纳米金属银胶体。将银胶体沉积在铝基底上形成一层银岛膜。用紫外—可见吸收光谱、SEM及拉曼光谱对银胶体和银岛膜进行了表征。研究结果表明,刻蚀所用激光脉冲的能量影响胶体中银颗粒的分布;不同能量下制备的胶体所形成的银岛膜具有不同的表面增强效果;该岛膜具有增强效果优异、制备简便等特点。     

Pulsed laser ablation of borocarbide targets probed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Excimer laser ablation of superconductive borocarbide material (YNi₂B₂C) in typical conditions for the deposition of superconductive thin films has been investigated using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectra show the presence of all the target elemental ionized atoms as well as diatomics. The ablation yield of the metal ions is a strongly increasing function of the laser fluence, while the contrary is true for non-metal ions. The dependence of non-metal light mass diatomic ions on laser fluence indicates the presence of aggregation processes as the laser fluence is increased. Moreover, evidence of aggregation processes involving metallic ions at high laser fluence is also obtained by the mass spectra. An interesting aspect of our results is the observation of an ion spatial distribution characterized by the presence of the lighter species at the plume edges, while the heavier ones are concentrated at the plume center.     

Laser drilling of thick material using femtosecond pulse with a focus of dual-frequency beam

Laser drilling is one of the basic, most frequently performed, material removal processes. The drilling aspect ratio is theoretically limited by the size and the focal depth of the machining laser spot. The aspect ratio can be improved by using dual focus. In this paper we describe a focus of two different frequencies based on the longitudinal chromatic aberration arisen when polychromatic collimated light is incident on a positive lens element. In the experiments, a Ti:Sapphire laser of 800 nm wavelength and 150 fs pulse duration was used as a source. Two tightly focused laser spots few hundred micrometers apart from each other were formed by focusing a combined collimated laser beam which contains the fundamental optic frequency and the second harmonic optic frequency. The focus of dual-frequency beam was used to drill a 3 mm thick PMMA plate. The drilling aspect ratio of a dual-frequency beam was compared to that of a focus of single frequency beam. Experimental results reveal that dual-frequency beam increases the aspect ratio and improves the drilling quality in terms of profile of the produced features.     

Reciprocating sliding wear behavior of laser-clad small amplitude Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi metal silicide composite coatings

Mo₂Ni₃Si/NiSi metal silicide composite coatings with a fine microstructure consisting of Mo₂Ni₃Si primary dendrites and the interdendritic Mo₂Ni₃Si/NiSi eutectics were fabricated on austenitic stainless steel AISI 321 by laser cladding process. Small amplitude reciprocating sliding wear resistance of the coatings is evaluated as functions of normal load and slip amplitude and the wear mechanisms were discussed based on worn surface morphology observations. Results showed that the Mo₂Ni₃Si/NiSi coatings have excellent small amplitude reciprocating sliding wear resistance.     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术的土壤快速分类方法研究

为实现不同种类土壤的快速分类鉴别,实验研究了基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术的土壤快速分类方法。由于不同类型的土壤在元素组成上会存在较大差异,所以利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术进行土壤分类具有可行性。不同土壤在相同实验条件下产生的等离子体温度会存在较大差异,可以作为分类的重要依据,所选择的7类土壤中,赤红壤的等离子体温度最高。选取土壤中6种常量元素Si,Fe,Al,Mg,Ca和Ti的光谱强度作为分类指标,利用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)对7种土类的25个样品进行了分类,其中砖红壤和赤红壤分类出现了交叠,而不同高山草甸土样品之间元素差异较大,并没有实现较好的聚类。利用反向传播神经网络(back-propagation artificial neural network)结合土壤的LIBS光谱对土壤进行了分类,分类结果与PCA结果相近,赤红壤与砖红壤出现了识别错误。当用PCA分析获得三个主成分值作为BP神经网络的输入量时,获得了较好的分类结果,因为简化了输入量,降低了BP神经网络的误差,此时只有一个高山草甸土被识别成褐土,而高山草甸土的等离子体温度显著低于褐土,所以结合不同土壤类型的等离子体温度差异,能够实现不同土壤的分类识别。实验证明激光诱导击穿光谱技术可以应用于土壤分类,为土壤普查和合理利用提高了一种新的技术。     

基于激光光解诱导荧光技术实现燃烧反应区及中间产物CH_3瞬态可视化

实现火焰反应区和不同中间组分的在线二维瞬态成像,在湍流燃烧的基础研究中具有十分重要的意义。用Nd∶YAG激光器的5倍频输出(212.8nm)作为光源,通过激光光解诱导荧光技术在甲烷/空气预混火焰中,成功实现了火焰反应区的瞬态成像,并首次采用该技术实现了CH_3的在线瞬态成像测量。分析了该方法同其他荧光标示物在反应区二维瞬态成像方法的优势,并研究了火焰燃烧过程中其他燃烧中间产物和不同燃空比对CH_3单脉冲成像的影响,讨论了现有条件下该技术的应用范围。根据实验结果,在燃空比Φ=1.2的条件下,在反应区我们获得了信噪比约为8的单脉冲成像,分析火焰中CH_3的单脉冲成像结果可知火焰燃空比在1.0~1.4之间时,或者火焰中CH_3的浓度大于9.3×1015 molecules·cm-3信噪比较好。该项技术在动力机械及其他研究领域的应用有十分重要的参考价值。     

用于原子能级结构研究的激光共振电离光谱系统

激光共振电离光谱技术是一种利用一路或多路激光将待测原子选择性共振激发与电离,通过测量离子信号来研究原子能级结构的光谱技术。研建了一套激光共振电离光谱装置,用于原子高激发态能级结构参数的测量。分别从该装置的总体结构、关键技术和应用实例等方面进行了详细介绍。该套装置主要包括高调谐精度的染料激光器系统、高效的激光离子源系统和高分辨率的飞行时间质量分析器。染料激光器系统包括3台多纵模可调谐染料激光器和1台单纵模可调谐染料激光器,均为脉冲工作方式,重复频率为10 kHz,泵浦源均为532 nm的Nd∶YAG固体激光器。激光离子源系统包括原子化源、激光与原子相互作用区和离子光学透镜组三部分组成,样品在原子化源中被电加热实现原子化,喷射出的原子被激光选择性激发、电离,产生的离子被离子传输透镜整形成能量分散小、束窄的离子束。飞行时间质量分析器采用了反射式结构设计、脉冲垂直推斥技术和偏转板调节技术。利用此装置,实验测定了U原子的自电离态光谱,获得了U原子一条较佳的三色三光子共振电离路径,对应激光的波长分别为591.7,565.0和632.4 nm。此系统还可用于测量同位素位移和原子超精细结构等参数。另外,由于此系统中联用了质量分析器,因此可用于样品多元素分析、痕量元素分析、同位素丰度分析。