Use of ir and 13c-nmr data in the retrieval of functional groups for computer-aided structure determination

Computer-aided interpretation of ¹³C-n.m.r. and i.r. spectra of organic molecules (m.w. ? 500) is done by an artificial intelligence approach. The output of the proposed ASSIGNER system is a list of functional groups which are reasonable candidates for the final structural isomers. The procedure of finding possible functional groups and the main features of the filtering steps are outlined. One search is worked out in detail to demonstrate the capability of the system.     

The Operational System of National Accreditation of Laboratories in China

This document gives a brief introduction to CNACL (China National Accreditation Committee for Laboratories). Laboratory accreditation in China is integrally administrated by the China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, a government administrative department of China State Council, which authorizes CNACL to implement Chinese laboratory accreditation activities. CNACL was established on September 20, 1994. It is a full member of both ILAC (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation), and APLAC (Asia Pacific laboratory Accreditation Cooperation), and signed the APLAC MRA (Mutual Recognition Arrangement) in New Delhi, India on December 3, 1999. CNACL carries out laboratory accreditation activities in full compliance with international general criteria. Its operation complies with ISO/IEC Guide 58 (1993), ISO/IEC 17025 (1999), ISO/IEC Guide 43 (1997) and other international standards.     

Stability constants and thermodynamic functions of beryllium(II), palladium(II) and oxozirconium(II) with lapachol [2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) -1,4-naphthoquinone]

Chelating properties of lapachol are known [1–3]. This communication concerns the determination of stability constants and thermodynamic functions of beryllium(II)-, palladium(II)- and oxozirconium(II)—lapachol systems.     

UK delivery of traceable chemical measurements in the 21st century: building on the foundation of the VAM programme

The paper discusses the requirements for achieving traceable chemical measurements in the UK. It is emphasised that success will depend on establishing an appropriate UK chemical measurement infrastructure and encouraging reference and field laboratories to make use of it. The demanding requirements of the BIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) also require a point of focus to link UK reference laboratories into international metrology. Two key factors are described which have provided the UK with the means to meet these requirements and which have established a sound basis on which to build a system of traceable chemical measurements in the 21st century. These two factors are LGC's long-standing role as the UK's national centre for analytical chemistry and the development and delivery over many years of the UK's Valid Analytical Measurement (VAM) Programme.     

Efficiency control in large-scale genotyping using analysis of variance

The efficiency of the genotyping process is determined by many simultaneous factors. In actual genotyping, a production run is often preceded by small-scale experiments to find optimal conditions. We propose to use statistical analysis of production run data as well, to gain insight into factors important for the outcome of genotyping. As an example, we show that analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to the first-pass results of a genetic study reveals important determinants of genotyping success. The largest factor limiting genotyping appeared to be interindividual variation among DNA samples, explaining 20% of the variance, and a smaller reaction volume, sizing failure, and differences among markers all explained ∼10%. Other potentially important factors, such as sample position within the plate and reusing electrophoresis matrix, appeared to be of minor influence. About 55% of the total variance could be explained by systematic factors. These results show that ANOVA can provide valuable feedback to improve genotyping efficiency. We propose to adjust genotype production runs using principles of experimental design in order to maximize genotyping efficiency at little additional cost.     

构建“三育”实验教学体系培养民族地区创新性应用型人才

This paper introduced the exploration on the new measures of cultivating innovative and applied talents in minority areas as part of the project in construction of the national demonstration center for experimental chemistry education. Focusing on developing students' experimental skills and innovation abilities, the reform refined the "Three Education" laboratory teaching philosophy of the laboratory culture education, the professional skills education and the innovation ability education, constructed "Three Education" laboratory teaching system, and established the operating mechanism of laboratory teaching of "Four Focuses" and "Five Synergies". For how to play the role of laboratory teaching in the effective cultivation of innovative and applied talents, this article provides a useful exploration and effective practical experience.     

Traceability in laboratory medicine

In laboratory medicine meaningful measurements are essential for diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment and monitoring of patients. Thus methods applied in diagnostic measurements must be accurate, precise, specific and comparable among laboratories. Inadequate or incorrect analytical performance has consequences for the patients, the clinicians, and the health care system. One key element of metrology is the traceability of a measurement result to the SI system ensuring comparable results. This principle is described in the ISO/TC 212/WG2 N65 prEN 17511 Standard. In addition to the principles of metrology, the clinical usefulness, the diagnostic needs, and the biological and disease associated variations in patients' specimens have to be considered when the analytical biases for diagnostic purposes are defined. It must be the general goal of diagnostic laboratories to produce results that are true and comparable worldwide. The recent European in vitro diagnostic (IVD) Directive 98/79 EC follows the above mentioned standard of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) requesting its application for all IVD reagents used within the European Union. This new European legislation will have a worldwide impact on manufacturers and clinical laboratories and will be implemented in 2003. It states that "traceability of values assigned to calibrators and/or control materials must be assured through available reference measurement procedures and/or available reference materials of a higher order". Thus a worldwide reference system needs to be established by collaboration and mutual recognition between the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), European Metrology Institutes (EUROMET), regulatory bodies (e.g. United States Food and Drug Administration, FDA) the IVD industry and professional organizations (e.g. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, IFCC). In June 2002, in Paris, representatives of international and regional organizations and institutions decided to form the "Joint Committee on Traceability for Laboratory Medicine" (JCTLM), which will support industry in registration and licensing of the "CE" label to test systems conforming to the IVD Directive.Presented at the International ILAC/IAF Conference on Accreditation in Global Trade, 23–25 September 2002, Berlin, Germany     

氯酸钾二氧化锰实验室制氧法探原

Oxygen preparation by potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide is one of the most classical laboratory method. Few study has been made so far on its origination and establishment. Through checking the original roles of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide, it is found that manganese dioxide was ever first selected as raw material for making oxygen, then led the discovery of chlorine by Scheele and potassium chlorate by Berthollet. Potassium chlorate itself was also ever used for oxygen preparation at a high temperature. In 1832, manganese dioxide was firstly mixed with potassium chlorate for oxygen by Döbereiner and reduces the temperature dramatically. With more following studies, the classic method of oxygen preparation via the two materials was finally established.     

Flavonoids from Tephrosia—VII : The constitution and absolute configuration of lupinifolin and lupinifolinol,two flavanones from Tephrosia lupinifolia Burch (DC)

The structure and absolute configuration of lupinifolin, (2S) - 4′,5 - dihydroxy - 8 - (3? - methyl - 2? - butenyl) - 2″, 2″ - dimethylpyrano[5″.6″ - g]flavanone, and lupinifolinol, (2R,3R) - 8 - (3? - methyl - 2? - butenyl) - 3,4′,5 - trihydroxy - 2″,2″ - dimethylpyrano[5″.6″ - g]flavanone, have been deduced from spectroscopic and chemical evidence.     

以举办化学实验竞赛为契机,推动化学实验教学发展

第10届大学生化学实验竞赛在北京化工大学成功举行,大学生化学实验竞赛能检验学生掌握化学实验技能和操作水平的情况,促进学生更好地了解和掌握实验仪器,锻炼学生的动手能力和创新意识,培养学生严谨科学的态度。通过"北京市大学生化学实验竞赛"这个平台,高校之间更好地交流了化学实验教学的经验,并以此为契机促进化学实验教学的改革,提高化学实验教学水平。