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51.
This paper develops a mathematical model of the ring-spinning process that takes into account its non-stationary nature. A complex system of differential equations is obtained, which from a mathematical point of view constitutes a ‘free-boundary’ problem. Its solution involves definition of suitable boundary conditions related to the mechanical characteristics of the process and of the spinning machine itself. The boundary conditions which determine the solution are pointed out. A numerical solution of the system of differential equations can be obtained by the Finite-Segments method, as shown in an example. 相似文献
52.
M. D. Zipper G. P. Simon P. Cherry A. J. Hill 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1994,32(7):1237-1247
Homopolymers and blends of polycarbonate/ThermX have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, density measurements, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The study focuses on the chain mobility and free volume in the amorphous miscible regions of the blends and how this mobility and free volume are affected by increasing crystallinity. It is proposed that judicious annealing, which results in increasing crystallinity (while avoiding ageing or transesterification), induces a constraint on the amorphous region leading to an increase in Tg and coalescence of free volume sites. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
53.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid is used as an effective oxidizing agent for the oxidation of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazolines to their corresponding pyrazoles under both heterogeneous and also solvent free conditions with good yields at room temperature. 相似文献
54.
从弱可压缩水动力学方程出发,采用坐标变换的方法处理自由表面,建立了能够模拟有自由表面流动问题的定常、非定常的三维水动力学模型和对流扩散模型,模型采用浮湍流模型进行封闭,并对模型求解的数值方法进行了研究。 相似文献
55.
The interplay between inertia and elasticity is examined for transient free‐surface flow inside a narrow channel. The lubrication theory is extended for the flow of viscoelastic fluids of the Oldroyd‐B type (consisting of a Newtonian solvent and a polymeric solute). While the general formulation accounts for non‐linearities stemming from inertia effects in the momentum conservation equation, and the upper‐convected terms in the constitutive equation, only the front movement contributes to non‐linear coupling for a flow inside a straight channel. In this case, it is possible to implement a spectral representation in the depthwise direction for the velocity and stress. The evolution of the flow field is obtained locally, but the front movement is captured only in the mean sense. The influence of inertia, elasticity and viscosity ratio is examined for pressure‐induced flow. The front appears to progress monotonically with time. However, the velocity and stress exhibit typically a strong overshoot upon inception, accompanied by a plug‐flow behaviour in the channel core. The flow intensity eventually diminishes with time, tending asymptotically to Poiseuille conditions. For highly elastic liquids the front movement becomes oscillatory, experiencing strong deceleration periodically. A multiple‐scale solution is obtained for fluids with no inertia and small elasticity. Comparison with the exact (numerical) solution indicates a wide range of validity for the analytical result. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
56.
Richard P. Kent IV 《Geometriae Dedicata》2004,106(1):145-159
We answer a question of J. Anderson's by producing infinitely many commensurability classes of fibered hyperbolic 3-manifolds whose fundamental groups contain subgroups that are locally free and not free. These manifolds are obtained by performing 0–surgery on a collection of knots with the same properties. 相似文献
57.
Benjamin M. NugentAmie L. Williams E.N. PrabhakaranJeffrey N. Johnston 《Tetrahedron》2003,59(45):8877-8888
The complete scope of free radical-mediated vinyl amination is described, using 5-exo-trig cyclizations of vinyl radicals to the nitrogen of azomethines. The focus is primarily on N,N-dialkyl enamines since their nucleophilicity renders them the most challenging enamines to synthesize using redox conditions. These studies establish several encouraging precedents for the broader application of this strategy. 相似文献
58.
Finite element analysis of fluid flow with moving free surface has been performed in 2‐D and 3‐D. The new VOF‐based numerical algorithm that has been proposed by the present authors (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, submitted) was applied to several 2‐D and 3‐D free surface flow problems. The proposed free surface tracking scheme is based on two numerical tools; the orientation vector to represent the free surface orientation in each cell and the baby‐cell to determine the fluid volume flux at each cell boundary. The proposed numerical algorithm has been applied to 2‐D and 3‐D cavity filling and sloshing problems in order to demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of the scheme. The proposed numerical algorithm resolved successfully the free surfaces interacting with each other. The simulated results demonstrated applicability of the proposed numerical algorithm to the practical problems of large free surface motion. It has been also demonstrated that the proposed free surface tracking scheme can be easily implemented in any irregular non‐uniform grid systems and can be extended to 3‐D free surface flow problems without additional efforts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
59.
Spherically symmetric static cosmological models filled with black-body radiation are considered. The models are isotropic
about a central observer but inhomogeneous. It is suggested that the energy density of the free gravitational field, which
is coupled to the isotropic radiation energy density, might play an important role in generating sufficient field (vacuum)
energy (when converted into thermal energy) and initiate processes like inflation. On the central world line the energy density
of the free gravitational field vanishes whereas the proper pressure and density of the isotropic black-body radiation are
constants. Further, it is shown that the cosmological constant is no more arbitrary but given in terms of the central pressure
and density. Also, at its maximum value the energy density of the free gravitational field is proved to be equal to one third
of the combined value of radiation pressure and density. 相似文献
60.