SPR免疫竞争法研究小分子吗啡与其抗体间作用的动力学特征

表面等离子体共振技术(SPR)主要应用于生物大分子相互作用的研究,本文采用溶液竞争法,测定了小分子吗啡与其抗体作用的结合常数K₁,并计算了吗啡抗体与吗啡化牛血清白蛋白的结合常数K₂.证明了多抗对抗原的亲和力较单抗大,并表明大分子蛋白质的存在对抗体与待测物的结合有阻碍作用.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Lactic Acid by Dihydroxyditelluratoargentate（Ⅲ）in Alkaline Medium

The kinetics of the oxidation of lactic acid(Lac) by dihydroxyditelluratoargentate(Ⅲ）[abbreviated as DDA of Ag(Ⅲ）]anions was studied in an aqueous alkaline medium by conventional spectrophotometry in a temperature range of 25-40℃.The order of the redox reaction of lactic acid and DDA was found to be first-order.The rates increased with the increase in [OH^-]and decreased with the increase in [tellurate].No free radical was detected.In the view of this the dihydroxymonotelluratoargentate(Ⅲ）species(DMA) is assumed to be the active species.A plausible mechanism involving a two-electron transfer is proposed,and the rate equation derived from the mechanism can be used to explain all the experimenttal results.The activation parameters(25℃）and the rate constants of the rate-determining step along with the preequilibrium constants at different temperatures were evaluated.     

调节剂存在下双金属氰化络合催化剂催化环氧丙烷聚合的动力学

研究了双金属氰化络合催化剂DMC催化环氧丙烷调节聚合的动力学 .通过测定反应过程体系压力的变化来决定聚合的起始速率 ,发现聚合反应速率与分子量调节剂浓度Tr的线性函数的 - 1次方成正比 .考察了DMC催化剂在反应不同阶段的远红外吸收变化 ,提出了聚合反应可能的反应历程 ,并推导出调节聚合的动力学方程 .研究结果表明调节聚合的动力学特点在于链引发是发生在催化剂与单体之间 ,而不是催化剂与调节剂之间     

Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3阴极氧还原动力学

利用极化、交流阻抗技术考察了担载于La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)电解质上的Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3(SSC-LSGMC5)复合阴极的氧还原反应动力学.在SSC-LSGMC5阴极氧还原反应的阻抗谱中可以观察到明显的两个半圆.高频环的电导与氧分压无关,低频环的电导正比于氧分压的0.5次方.并且低频环的氧分压级数随着反应温度的降低而减小,可能对应于吸附氧原子的扩散过程.SSC-LSGMC5极化曲线与经典的Butler-Volmer方程吻合.阴、阳极的电荷转移系数均为1左右,交换电流密度的氧分压级数为1/4,对应于电荷转移过程.实验结果显示SSC-LSGMC5上的氧还原反应机制随反应条件的不同而发生变化.     

交联壳聚糖多孔微球对染料的吸附平衡及吸附动力学分析

研究了交联壳聚糖多孔微球对染料的吸附平衡规律,探讨了染料溶液在不同的初始浓度、pH值及不同吸附剂用量条件下吸附动力学规律及吸附动力学控制机理。结果表明,壳聚糖微球对染料的吸附规律可较好地符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附动力学模型可以用表观二级速率方程来描述。     

循环流动固定床光催化反应器动力学数学模拟

以甲基橙为模型反应物,研究了连续循环固定床光催化反应器的动力学过程.根据光催化氧化过程特点,分析并建立了准一级反应动力学方程,对该反应系统的动力学过程进行动态数学模拟,用四阶Runge-Kutta法进行数值计算,结果表明数学模拟与实验数据相吻合.在该光催化反应体系中,处理量增加时实际反应速率常数k基本不变,而表观反应速率常数kapp变小,二者之间关系与反应器体积对处理量体积比（γ）密切相关;反应速率常数受起始浓度影响很大,在15～150 μmol•L－1浓度范围内,lnk=－0.48ln[c0]＋1.42;反应速率常数与光强的关系为k∝I0.5;反应速率常数受溶液pH值的影响也很大.     

配位催化苯乙烯乳液聚合的动力学研究

以Ni(COD)2和含磷、氧配体为催化剂,利用乳液聚合法合成了间规聚苯乙烯.对产物进行了13C-NMR、1H-NMR、GPC、TEM、DSC、TG等表征.在此反应体系下,最佳聚合条件为:乳化剂用量为1.50 g,[St]0=1.79 mol·L-1,T=60℃,t=2h,[Ni(COD)2]=1.102 mmol·L-...     

溶剂诱导聚合物结晶的研究进展

溶剂诱导结晶(SINC)又称为液体诱导结晶,它是结晶性高聚物在溶剂(或包括其蒸汽)作用下,在低于通常Tg下诱导结晶,而在高于通常Tg时能加速结晶的现象。本文主要对溶剂诱导结晶的机理、动力学和形态学进行了讨论。     

Energy Storage by Poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>-anisidine) Matrix During Oxidative Hydrolysis

The chromaticity of poly(o-anisidine) (POAN) doped with different acids (HA), HA-doped POAN, has been studied by the spectrophotometric technique and the results were substantiated by molecular mechanics (MM+) calculations. The observed absorbance decrease (λ around 720 nm, dark green coloration) with increasing concentration of the inorganic oxidizing agent (KMnO₄) can be attributed to the oxidative hydrolysis mechanism. The oxidative hydrolysis constant (K _h) is highly dependent on the strength of the acid used. The HClO₄-doped POAN matrix has the ability to store about 128.878 kJ⋅g⁻¹ chromogenic energy (CE) at the wavelength 720 nm in a condensed lightweight form. MM+ calculations suggest that the potential energy (PE) in kJ⋅mol⁻¹ of the optimum molecular geometric (OMG) structure of the HClO₄-doped POAN matrix is at least two (2.052) times more stable than the OMG of the base form (POAN-EB) of the POAN matrix. Kinetic parameters of the oxidative hydrolysis reaction of the HA-doped POAN matrix were deduced from absorbance variations with time. The results of computer-oriented kinetic analysis indicate that the rate-controlling step for HA-doped POAN oxidative hydrolysis is governed by the Ginstling-Bronshein equation that represents three-dimensional diffusion (D4). Activation parameters for the oxidative hydrolysis of the HClO₄-doped POAN matrix were computed and discussed.     

生物质洁净能源研究中的流化床动力学模型

分别对最小流化床、鼓泡流化床和腾涌流化床及相应的全混模型、鼓泡模型、气泡汇集模型等加以综述 ,分析其优缺点 ,并在此基础上提出动力学模拟研究的新思路 .根据流化床内在的本质———流化态的不同 ,将流化床分为最小流化床、鼓泡流化床和腾涌流化床三种 .总结了前人针对各种流化床提出的全混模型、鼓泡模型、气泡汇集模型等思想 ,建议今后可以在以下几个方面进行深入研究 :⑴使得模型更有普适性 .⑵由于气泡有效直径尚不能在理论上求得 ,可以在理想气泡直径变化公式的基础上 ,加入非线性化学的计算 .⑶确定不同情况下的参数 ,使得工作更有延续性 ,也使得模型更加具有生命力 .⑷从高压的角度去进行模型的计算 ,并得到相应的试验数据支持 .