无解的模糊关系方程的最优近似解

对无解的模糊关系方程给出了最优近似解的定义,证明了最优近似解的存在性,给出了求最优近似解的算法     

以香草素为内标之气相层析光谱法定量牛樟木精油指标成分松油醇的快速分析方法

牛樟精油具有独特浓郁的香气,其中以α-松油醇(α-terpineol)为牛樟精油主要成分。由于樟树精油制品可依种类、变种、亚种等不同而有不同成分,以松油醇最具独特性,可作为牛樟木精油品质重要指标成分,应用以区别牛樟树与冇樟以及香樟等木材精油的方法,因此建立市售牛樟木精油指标成分α-松油醇含量的简便快速又准确的检验方法便有其必要性。该研究拟以市售精油液体样品,不经任何前处理,加入适当之内标准溶液溶解后,直接注入气相层析光谱仪中,配合适当的分离管柱及气相层析条件,以期建立简便快速又准确的牛樟木精油指标成分α-松油醇之定量方法。毛细管柱气相层析具有高解析度及高灵敏度等优点,仍为现代最重要分析技术之一,因此研究建立了以香草素为内标准定量牛樟木精油指标成分α-松油醇(α-terpineol)之气相色谱层析法的快速分析方法。牛樟木精油液体样品,加入适当量之香草素内标准溶液混合溶解后,即可直接注入配有广口径之毛细管柱(megabore column)气相色谱仪中分析,相当简便,每分析一个样品仅需约30 min。结果显示松油醇之最低定量浓度（limit of quantitation, LOQ）为1 μg·mL-1左右。在添加回收试验中添加松油醇1.0及10.0 mg 于市售冇樟精油及牛樟精油中,其回收率在98%~103%,变异系数均在10.8%以下,显示该方法的精密度相当高。以该研究建立的方法分析15件市售牛樟精油中松油醇含量,结果显示,市售牛樟木精油的松油醇含量最高约51.6%及最低为21.3%左右,此结果显示以定量松油醇作为市售牛樟精油品质指标是一快速、准确且可行的方法。     

Acoustic absorbers at low frequency based on split-tube metamaterials

The remarkable properties of acoustic metamaterials have attracted massive researches and applications, especially on low-frequency sound absorptions. Currently, most of the acoustic metamaterial absorbers employ resonances in plastic cavities, and their structural strengths are important in many circumstances, especially in harsh environment. However, studies of metamaterials including this point are very scarce. Here, we propose an acoustic metamaterial for low-frequency (<500 Hz) absorptions, composed of three nested square split tubes with inverted opening directions. The efficiency of the absorber is investigated both numerically and experimentally, and absorptions at the peeks are found to exceed 90% and the frequency can be effectively adjusted by tuning its geometric parameters. We further test its yield strength under compression and confirm its buckling behavior happens from the outmost layer. This tunable acoustic metamaterial with a fairly good mechanical strength may lead to broad applications in noise reduction.     

基于Enter-PLSR的高光谱晋华宫矿南山煤矸石山景区土壤有效氮估测

土壤有效氮是反应土壤肥力的一个重要指标。高光谱技术对土壤有效氮进行监测和评价可以为土地复垦和生态修复提供指导性的动态信息。针对国家矿山公园高光谱有效氮监测研究的空白和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)计算效率问题,利用ASD FieldSpec 3光谱仪采集了晋华宫矿南山煤矸石山景区(晋华宫矿国家矿山公园组成部分),30个碱化栗钙土土样350～2 500 nm波段的光谱曲线,研究了土壤光谱与土壤有效氮含量之间的关系。对土壤反射率光谱进行一阶微分和倒数的对数变换,然后在提取特征吸收波段的基础上,分别进行PLSR和进入法-偏最小二乘回归(Enter-PLSR)建立估算模型并检验。结果表明Enter-PLSR估算模型在保证与PLSR估算模型相近准确度的情况下,自变量从122个降低到12个,大大提高了计算效率,在填补国家矿山公园高光谱有效氮监测研究空白的同时弥补了PLSR方法计算效率的不足。     

基于i PLS的矿井突水激光诱导荧光光谱特征波段筛选

矿井突水一直威胁着煤矿井下施工人员的生命安全,准确且快速识别矿井突水水源类型对于矿井的安全生产起到关键性作用。激光诱导荧光(LIF)光谱技术识别矿井突水水源,有效避免了常规的水化学法需要测定多种化学参数,水源识别时间过长的缺点。提出一种间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)与粒子群联合支持向量分类算法(PSO-SVC)相结合的方法,iPLS算法常应用于光谱波段优选和模型的回归分析,PSO-SVC则在机器学习领域有着重要的应用,激光诱导荧光技术具有快速的时间响应、测量精度高等特点,iPLS和PSO-SVC算法运用于光谱图和光谱数据的分析,进而可以对突水水源类型识别分类。首先,用淮南矿区采集到的7种(每种水样30组)共210组荧光光谱数据进行实验,对老空水、灰岩水、灰岩水和老空水不同体积比混合水样的激光诱导荧光光谱图的差异性进行分析。比较了留出法和Kennard-Stone样本划分方法所得到的PSO-SVC模型分类准确率,采用留出法得到的训练集水样(140组)和测试集水样(70组)作为实验样本。其次,用iPLS算法将全光谱波段依次按10～25波段区间进行等分,选取划分区间的RMSECV(交叉验证均方根误差)值小于全光谱波段RMSECV值(阈值)的波段作为特征波段,结合光谱图对比分析了划分10和14个子区间的建模结果,发现通过直接观察得到的特征波段与iPLS算法筛选出的特征波段存在误差。最后,在不进行去噪、降维等预处理条件下,根据iPLS划分不同区间数的评价指标统计数据,选取划分11个区间所筛选出具有561个波长点的410.078～478.424和545.078～674.104 nm特征波段范围数据作为PSO-SVC模型的输入,以iPLS结合PSO-SVC算法筛选出的特征波段与全光谱波段、直接观察得到波段建模准确率相比,训练集与测试集的分类准确率高达100%,PSO寻优到的最佳惩罚系数c为1.367 0,核函数参数g为0.576 2。从实验结果可以看出,利用iPLS进行荧光光谱的特征波段筛选是切实可行的,提取出的特征波段能充分反映出全光谱波段的有效信息,为激光诱导荧光光谱技术用于矿井突水水源精准在线识别的研究提供了理论依据。     

New weighted Rogers-Ramanujan partition theorems and their implications

This paper has a two-fold purpose. First, by considering a reformulation of a deep theorem of Göllnitz, we obtain a new weighted partition identity involving the Rogers-Ramanujan partitions, namely, partitions into parts differing by at least two. Consequences of this include Jacobi's celebrated triple product identity for theta functions, Sylvester's famous refinement of Euler's theorem, as well as certain weighted partition identities. Next, by studying partitions with prescribed bounds on successive ranks and replacing these with weighted Rogers-Ramanujan partitions, we obtain two new sets of theorems - a set of three theorems involving partitions into parts (mod 6), and a set of three theorems involving partitions into parts (mod 7), .

     

Generalized Bicyclic Semigroups and Jones Semigroups

In this paper, we consider the generalized bicyclic semigroups B_n = a, b | aⁿb = 1 and the Jones semigroups A_n = a, b | aⁿ⁺¹b = a. They are the generalizations of the bicyclic semigroup B = a, b | ab = 1 and its analogous semigroup A = a, b | a²b = a discovered by P.R., Jones in 1987. The word problem for these kinds of semigroups is solved. It is proved that, for n 2, B_n are bisimple right inverse but not inverse semigroups and that the semigroup C = a, b | a²b = a, ab² = b is the smallest idempotent-free homomorphic image of A_n. Moreover, we also prove that A_n and A_m are mutually embeddable but not isomorphic with each other if n m. As a consequence, different kind of -nontrivial [0-]simple semigroups without idempotents are discussed.AMS 1991 Subject Classification: primary 20M10 secondary 20M05.Supported by NNSF of China (19671063) and KSRF of Sichuan Education Committee ([1999]127).     

High sensitive determination of trace amount of cobalt by catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry

A very sensitive and selective catalytic adsorptive cathodic stripping procedure for trace measurements of cobalt is presented. The method is based on adsorptive accumulation of cobalt-CCA (calcon carboxylic acid) complex onto a hanging mercury drop electrode followed by reduction of the adsorbed species by voltammetric scan using differential pulse modulation. The reduction current is enhanced catalytically by nitrite. The effect of various parameters such as pH, concentration of CCA, concentration of nitrite, accumulation potential and accumulation time on the selectivity and sensitivity were studied. The optimum condition for the analysis of cobalt, include pH 5.2 (Acetate buffer), 2.1 μM clacon carboxylic acid, 0.032 M sodium nitrite and an accumulation potential of 0.05 V (versus Ag/AgCl). Under these optimum conditions and for an accumulation time of 60 s, the measured peak current at −0.480 V is proportional to the concentration of cobalt over the entire concentration range tested 0.003–2.0 ng ml⁻¹ with a detection limit of 1 pg ml⁻¹ for an accumulation time of 60 s and 2.0–10.0 ng ml⁻¹ for an accumulation time of 40 s. The relative standard deviations for ten replicate measurement of 0.5 ng ml⁻¹ of cobalt were 3.1%. The main advantage of this new system is the microtrace Co(II) determination by ASV. The method was applied to determination of cobalt in a water sample and some analytical grade salts with satisfactory results. Published in Elektrokhimiya in Russian, 2009, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 221–228. The article is published in the original.     

Can the new ISO Guide 25/EN 45001 create better confidence in laboratory operations?

 Confidence in laboratory operations is discussed based on the ongoing revision of the ISO/IEC Guide 25. Confidence is a subjective attribute, which also depends on whose interest is considered. New and better-defined quality systems and technical elements will be included, and these are beneficial to the transparency of laboratory operations, as well as to the accreditation process. The ultimate aim is, of course, to satisfy customers. The testing laboratories' industrial customers are, however, generally unfamiliar with the ISO/IEC Guide 25 and accreditation. The main reason for improved confidence in testing and calibration laboratories is foreseen to come from closer interaction between laboratories and their customers.     

核磁共振法测定高聚物的结构—核磁共振二维谱

介绍了核磁共振(NMR)波谱,尤其是核磁共振二维谱(2D NMR)在最近几年内的进展。内容包括怎样用NMR测定高聚物的序列分布、共聚物结构、聚合物的混溶性、聚合物液晶的取向度、分子量、短链度和长链支化度、凝聚态高聚物的多相结构等。