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71.
Mechanical effects of polishing pad in copper electrochemical mechanical deposition for planarization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sukhoon Jeong Sangjik Lee Boumyoung Park Hyoungjae Kim Sungryul Kim Haedo Jeong 《Current Applied Physics》2010,10(1):299-304
ECMD (electrochemical mechanical deposition) process consists of a traditional ECP (electrochemical plating) mechanism and a mechanical component. That is, this technique involves both electrochemical plating and mechanical sweeping of the material surface by the polishing pad. The mechanism of the ECMD process may be achieved through two mechanisms. The first mechanism may be the electrochemical plating on the surface where mechanical sweeping of polishing pad does not reach, and the second mechanism may be that the plating rate in the area that is mechanically swept may be reduced by the polishing pad. In this study, the effects of the mechanical component were investigated through various polishing pad types and hole ratios. In comparison to various polishing pad types using the manufactured the ECMD system, the plating rate and WIWNU (within wafer non-uniformity) using the experimental non-pore polishing pad were better than those of the experiments using other polishing pads. 相似文献
72.
ZrO2:Tb3+ and BaZrO3:Tb3+ powders are prepared by combustion synthesis method and the samples were further heated to 500, 700 and 1000 °C to improve the crystallinity of the materials. The structure and morphology of materials have been examined by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and scanning electron microscopy. It is remarkable that all the samples of ZrO2:Tb3+ and BaZrO3:Tb3+ have similar morphology. These images exhibited homogeneous aggregates of varying shapes and sizes, which are composed of a large number of small cuboids and broken cuboids. The cuboids and broken cuboids size of all the samples are less than 0.5 μm. Photoluminescence for both materials increases with increase of temperature and found maximum for the samples heated to 1000 °C with 5 mole% doping of Tb3+ ions. Luminescence is almost double for the zirconia compared to that of barium-zirconate. 相似文献
73.
74.
The study of the radiative and electrical properties of granular materials coated with polypyrrole (PPy) a conducting polymer, shows the influence of the processing conditions concerning the nature of the substrate and the deposition parameters. Binary mixtures with varying compositions of mono and bidisperse particles, coated with or without PPy (which are conductive and insulating, respectively) present electrical percolation thresholds which can also be found when the radiative aspect is considered. The principal component analysis carried out on the spectral values allows us to corroborate the experimental factors and to distinguish the mixtures according to their compositions. 相似文献
75.
铜在氨水介质铁氰化钾CMP抛光液中抛光速率及其影响因素的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文研究了腐蚀介质氨水、成膜剂铁氰化钾及磨粒γ_Al2 O3 浓度、抛光压力和抛光转速对铜化学_机械抛光速率的影响 .解释了各影响因素的影响机理 .实验表明了在一定范围内抛光速率与抛光压力及抛光转速呈线性关系 ,组分浓度对抛光速率的影响为非线性关系 ,Preston系数Kp是变量 .最大抛光速率的化学_机械抛光液的配方为 :4 %K3Fe(CN) 6 + 1 %NH3·H2 O + 2 5%γ -Al2 O3,Kp=0 .0 2 3 83 ;工艺条件为 :3 0 0r/min、80kpa .最佳抛光效果为 :Ra=50nm ,Rmax=4 0 0nm 相似文献
76.
Oswald S Behr G Dobler D Werner J Wetzig K Arabczyk W 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,378(2):411-415
The effect of surface segregation in Sb- and In-doped SnO2 fine-grained powders has been analyzed in comparison with single-crystalline samples. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the Sb and In segregation processes were studied as a function of annealing temperature by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after annealing in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. Significant differences between diffusion and segregation were revealed for doped powders and single crystals, obviously because of simultaneous diffusion and particle-growth processes proceeding during annealing of powders. For doped single crystals the thermodynamic equilibrium is approached after 24 h annealing above 850 °C and at 1000 °C for Sb and In, respectively. Higher effective activation energies of diffusion are observed for doped powders and the thermodynamic equilibrium is not achieved under technologically relevant annealing conditions. On the basis of dopant profile measurements anomalies in the electrical resistivity at 300 °C of Sb-doped SnO2 powders annealed at 700 and 900 °C were attributed to an Sb-depleted zone formed beneath the segregated surface during the kinetic regime. To achieve optimum resistivity behavior for commercial application, inhomogeneous doping of powders must be avoided by appropriate preparation steps. 相似文献
77.
78.
López-Sánchez M Ruedas-Rama MJ Ruiz-Medina A Molina-Díaz A Ayora-Cañada MJ 《Talanta》2008,74(5):1603-1607
A procedure for rapid quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical powders is described. Powdered samples were measured in a rotating cell in order to avoid sub-sampling problems by increasing the irradiated area. Quantitative determination of sulfathiazole and sulfanilamide, using a simple univariate calibration model is proposed. Even though both antibacterials are of the same chemical family (sulfonamides), the richness of structural information contained in the Raman spectra allowed their determination using the area of two selected bands (1255 and 1629 cm−1 for sulfathiazole and sulfanilamide, respectively). Relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values (n = 10) of 3.35% and 3.46% for sulfathiazole and sulfanilamide, respectively, demonstrate the good reproducibility of the measurement technique with the rotating cell. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of synthetic mixtures and commercial pharmaceutical powders. The procedure is suitable to be applied to pharmacopoeial uniformity of content testing of batches. 相似文献
79.
C. Faivre D. Bellet G. Dolino 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2000,16(3):447-454
High resolution X-ray diffraction is used to perform an in situ measurement of the variations of the lattice parameter of the nanometer size crystallites of porous silicon, induced by the
freezing of a confined organic fluid, dodecane. Two p+ type PS layers of 60 and 70% porosity are investigated, and the variations of their lattice parameter with the temperature
(in the range 150–300 K) are measured. The experimental curves are discussed in relation with the results of a previous calorimetric
study of the freezing of confined dodecane. We explain the observed strains by the presence of capillary stresses, that appear
in the layer due to the formation of internal liquid-vapour meniscus during the freezing process of the confined fluid.
Received 22 October 1999 and Received in final form 25 March 2000 相似文献
80.