Developing On-Site Trace Level Speciation of Lead,Cadmium and Zinc by Stripping Chronopotentiometry (SCP): Fast Screening and Quantification of Total Metal Concentrations

Electrochemical stripping techniques are interesting candidates for carrying out onsite speciation of environmentally relevant trace metals due to the existing low-cost portable instrumentation available and the low detection limits that can be achieved. In this work, we describe the initial analytical technique method development by quantifying the total metal concentrations using Stripping Chronopotentiometry (SCP). Carbon paste screen-printed electrodes were modified with thin films of mercury and used to quantify sub-nanomolar concentrations of lead and cadmium and sub-micromolar concentrations of zinc in river water. Low detection limits of 0.06 nM for Pb(II) and 0.04 nM for Cd(II) were obtained by the standard addition method using a SCP deposition time of 180 s. The SCP results obtained for Pb(II) and Cd(II) agreed with those of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The coupling of SCP with screen-printed electrodes opens up excellent potential for the development of onsite speciation of trace metals. Due to the low analysis throughput obtained for the standard addition method, we also propose a new, more rapid screening Cd(II) internal standard methodology to significantly increase the number of samples that can be analyzed per day.     

A new method of detecting interferogram in differential phase-contrast imaging system based on special structured x-ray scintillator screen

An x-ray scintillator screen with a special structure,functioning as detector and analyser grating,was proposed for collecting the interferogram of differential phase contrast imaging without absorption grating and difficulty of fabrication by a state of the art technique.On the basis of phase grating diffraction,a detecting model of the scintillator screen was built for analysing the phase and absorption information of objects.According to the analysis,a new method of phase retrievals based on two-images and the optimal structure of screen were presented.     

晶柱粘连对CsI:Na转换屏分辨特性的影响

本文用MonteCarlo方法研究了CsI:Na转换屏中晶柱之间的粘连对其空间分辨特性的影响,给出了不同粘连程度下可见光在转换屏中的点扩展函数及相应的MTF曲线.通过几种不同粘连系数下模拟结果的比较可见,要获得一个高分辨的转换屏应尽可能减小晶柱之间的粘连.对于一个实际的转换屏其粘连系数至少应在40%以下,最好控制在20%以内.     

一种新的De Novo生物活性分子设计方法

由药效团进行虚拟活性结构生成与3D-QSAR模型相结合,筛选出有前途的结构多样性的化合物,并从中寻找活性先导化合物,是一种新的分子设计方法。采用这种方法对抗小麦赤霉病类含氟农药进行了研究,共生成了53个虚拟活性结构,通过3D-QSAR模型筛选出其中10个活性较高的结构,在活性最高的化合物基础上进行了结构修饰,得到了活性更高且毒性较低的理想化合物。研究结果表明这种方法能突破原模型化合物结构模式的局限,可以找到结构新颖的活性先导化合物,是一种非常有前途的分子设计方法,而且具有较高的筛选效率。     

快速测定氧化还原酶活力的一次性介体电极

以葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）为模型酶,用一次性丝网印刷电极检测氧化还原酶活力,选用具有较低氧化还原电位的单羟基二茂铁（HMF）作为电子传递介体,以电流法测定氧化酶的活力,所需时间仅为60s,线性响应范围为0～40U/mL.将电极用于检测黑曲酶发酵产生的葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）的活力,测定结果与传统的方法相对照,具有较好的一致性,相关系数为0.9813.     

高功率激光系统随机相位屏的特性研究

 高功率激光系统中随机相位屏的统计模型出发,分析了其相位噪声及梯度的一阶和二阶统计性质。研究了完全相干光与部分相干光通过随机相位屏后的传输性质,推导得出部分相干光在经过随机相位屏后,其交叉谱密度的期望等于随机相位屏透过率函数的期望与入射光交叉谱密度的乘积。对该模型下的远场分布进行了数值模拟。结果显示,能量对称分布的完全相干光通过相位干屏后,只有通过随机相位屏透过率函数期望的远场分布是对称的;部分相干光在传输通过随机相位屏后,其谢尔模光束性质不会改变,但光强分布不再具有对称性,且强度明显降低。     

随机取向烟幕凝聚粒子的消光特性

采用蒙特卡罗方法根据团簇-团簇凝聚(CCA)模型对由球形原始微粒凝聚而成的烟幕凝聚粒子进行模拟,用离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法研究随机取向烟幕凝聚粒子的消光特性.结果表明,凝聚粒子的消光特性受到原始微粒数量以及粒径的影响,粒子的凝聚将减弱烟幕的消光性能;当凝聚结构中原始微粒的数目一定时,存在使烟幕消光性能达到最大的原始微粒粒径.     

激光传输模拟中基于衍射过程FFT算法的参量优化

为实现采用相位屏法正确模拟准直激光束经湍流大气的传输特性,根据湍流特性、抽样定理以及两屏间衍射过程FFT算法本身所决定的相邻两屏网格间距之间的关系,得出相位屏间距和网格间距确定网格数目最优取值的解析表达式,数值模拟高斯光束经自由空间和湍流大气传输的远场分布,网格数目取解析式求得的最优值848时,光束经自由空间传输的模拟结果与ABCD定律求得的解析结果完全一致;网格数目取836或860时,等效于光束通过偶数相位屏时被正透镜或负透镜阵列会聚或发散,削弱或夸大湍流大气对光束的影响,模拟结果出现严重偏差。     

Phase imaging with rotating illumination

A modified extended-ptychographical-iterative-engine （ePIE） algorithm is proposed to overcome the dis- advantages of ePIE technique and reduce the influence of stage hysteresis or backlash error. The exit wave of a rotatable ＂screen＂ illuminated by plane wave is used as the illumination on the specimen, and the complex transmission functions of the rotatable object and specimen can be simultaneously reconstructed. Compared with the standard x - y scanning PIE algorithm, the proposed algorithm can completely avoid the influence of stage hysteresis （or backlash error）. The proposed algorithm also has higher convergence s!oeed and better accuracy than the standard PIE algorithm.     

基于LED电脉冲响应的LED显示屏像素灰度校正方法

基于发光二极管(Light-emitting Diode,LED)的电脉冲响应过程,建立了一个简便计算LED电脉冲响应模型。在此模型基础上研究了采用脉宽调制(Pulse-width Modulation,PWM)控制LED亮度时,由于LED响应延迟所导致的发光强度随占空比的非线性误差的变化情况,并进行了实验测试。结果表明:在PWM频率为2.5MHz时,LED发光强度与占空比的平均非线性误差为10%左右。最后,针对LED电脉冲响应模型,提出了显示屏像素亮度校正方法。该方法有效减小了由LED响应过程所造成的显示屏亮度控制误差,使得LED实际发光强度与所给亮度值近似成线性关系,从而减小了LED显示屏的色彩偏离,增强了显示效果。