Noncommutative closed Friedman universe

Heller et al. (J Math Phys 46:122501, 2005; Int J Theor Phys 46:2494, 2007) proposed a model unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics based on a noncommutative algebra defined on a groupoid having the frame bundle over space–time as its base space. The generalized Einstein equation is assumed in the form of the eigenvalue equation of the Einstein operator on a module of derivations of the algebra . No matter sources are assumed. The closed Friedman world model, when computed in this formalism, exhibits two interesting properties. First, generalized eigenvalues of the Einstein operator reproduce components of the perfect fluid energy-momentum tensor for the usual Friedman model together with the corresponding equation of state. One could say that, in this case, matter is produced out of pure (noncommutative) geometry. Second, owing to probabilistic properties of the model, in the noncommutative regime (on the Planck level) singularities are irrelevant. They emerge in the process of transition to the usual space–time geometry. These results are briefly discussed.     

Higher Dimensional Λ-CDM Universe: A Phenomenological Approach with Many Possibilities

In this paper we investigate the Λ-CDM universe by selecting the specific time dependent form of Λ, viz. , in the context of 5-dimensional space time. Time-dependent form of equation of state parameter w is derived along with a possible signature flip of deceleration parameter q. It is also observed that a present age of the Universe, calculated for some specific values of parameter agrees very well with the observational data.     

LETTER: Warm Inflation: Towards a Realistic COBE Data Power Spectrum for Matter and Metric Thermal Coupled Fluctuations

I consider the COBE data coarse–grained field that characterize the now observable universe for a model of warm inflation which takes into account the thermally coupled fluctuations of the scalar field with the thermal bath. The power spectrum for both, matter and metric fluctuations are analyzed. I find that the amplitude for the fluctuations of the metric during the horizon entry should be very small for the expected values of temperature.     

Solution to the Cosmological Constant Problem by Gauge Theory of Gravity

Based on geometry picture of gravitational gauge theory, the cosmological constant is determined theoreti-cally. The cosmological constant is related to the average energy density of gravitational gauge field. Because the energy density of gravltatlona] gauge field is negative, the cosmological constant is positive, which generates repulasive force on stars to make the expansion rate of the Universe accelerated. A rough estimation of it gives out its magnitude of the order of about 10^52m^-2, which is well consistent with experimental results.     

Background Dynamics of Pre-inflationary Scenario in Brans-Dicke Loop Quantum Cosmology

Recently the background independent nonperturbative quantization has been extended to various theories of gravity and the corresponding quantum effective cosmology has been derived, which provides us with necessary avenue to explore the pre-inflationary dynamics. Brans-Dicke (BD) loop quantum cosmology (LQC) is one of such theories whose effective background dynamics is considered in this article. Starting with a quantum bounce, we explore the pre-inflationary dynamics of a universe sourced by a scalar field with the Starobinsky potential in BD-LQC. Our study is based on the idea that though Einstein's and Jordan's frames are classically equivalent up to a conformal transformation in BD theory, this is no longer true after quantization. Taking the Jordan frame as the physical one we explore in detail the bouncing scenario which is followed by a phase of a slow roll inflation. The three phases of the evolution of the universe, namely, bouncing, transition from quantum bounce to classical universe, and the slow roll inflation, are noted for an initially kinetic energy dominated bounce. In addition, to be consistent with observations, we also identify the allowed phase space of initial conditions that would produce at least 60 e-folds of expansion during the slow roll inflation.     

Extended Phase Space in the Framework of Holography

We consider a holographic extended phase space in the presence of Reissner-Nordstrom-Anti-de Sitter(RNAdS) and Born-Infeld-Anti-de Sitter(BI-AdS) black holes in the bulk. In this extended phase space the cosmological constant is investigated as pressure and volume is defined as the codimension one-time slice in the bulk geometry enclosed by the minimal area appearing in the computation of the holographic entanglement entropy. These thermodynamics quantities can serve as probes of the underlying phase transition dictated by black hole thermodynamics, but do not describe different structures. We find that the isocharges on the pressure-volume plane exhibit a Van der Waals-like structure, for RN-AdS black holes in the background. For BI-AdS black holes, we observe the analogy with a Van der Waals liquid-gas system for βQ 1/2 and Reentrant phase transition for βQ 1/2 in the holographic extended phase space. The same holographic thermodynamic behavior is observed when we use the fidelity susceptibility as the volume and the cosmological constant as the pressure for RN-AdS black hole in the background.     

Charged Randall-Sundrum Braneworld Type II with Higher Order Curvature Corrections from Superstring Arguments and Dominated by Quintessence

We discuss a new class of RSII braneworld cosmology exhibiting accelerated expansion and dominated by quintessence. It is explicitly demonstrated that the universe expansion history （transition from inflation to deceleration epoch to acceleration and effective quintessence era） may naturally occur in such unified theory for some classes of inverse scalar potentials. Besides a decaying effective cosmological constant, the model incorporates an increasing black hole mass, an increasing Maxwellian electrical charge with cosmic time and a time-dependent brahe tension. The cosmological model exhibits several features of cosmological and astrophysical interest for both the early and late universe consistent with recent observations, in particular the ones concerned with the gravitational constants, black holes masses and charges and variation of the gauge coupling parameters with cosmic time. One interesting mark of the constructed model concerns the fact that a black hole mass surrounded by quintessence energy may increase with time even if the horizon disappears.     

Method of determining cosmological parameter ranges with samples of candles with an intrinsic distribution

In this paper, the effect of the intrinsic distribution of cosmological candles is investigated. We find that in the case of a narrow distribution the deviation of the observed modulus of sources from the expected central value can be estimated within a ceratin range. We thus introduce lower and upper limits of X², X _min² and X_max² to estimate cosmological parameters by applying the conventional minimizing X² method. We apply this method to a gamma-ray burst (GRB) sample as well as to a combined sample including this GRB sample and an SN Ia sample. Our analysis shows that: a) in the case of assuming an intrinsic distribution of candles of the GRB sample, the effect of the distribution is obvious and should not be neglected; b) taking into account this effect would lead to a poorer constraint of the cosmological parameter ranges. The analysis suggests that in the attempt of constraining the cosmological model with current GRB samples, the results tend to be worse than was previously anticipated if the mentioned intrinsic distribution does exist.     

IS THE UNIVERSE A QUANTUM SYSTEM?

In order to relate the probabilistic predictions of quantum theory uniquely to measurement results, one has to conceive of an ensemble of identically prepared copies of the quantum system under study. Since the universe is the total domain of physical experience, it cannot be copied, not even in a thought experiment. Therefore, a quantum state of the whole universe can never be made accessible to empirical test. Hence the existence of such a state is only a metaphysical idea. Despite prominent claims to the contrary, recent developments in the quantum-interpretation debate do not invalidate this conclusion.     

De Broglie-Bohm Interpretation of Canonical Quantum Cosmology Implies Early Stages of the Universe Dominated by Radiation

The Einstein's general relativity is formulated in the Hamiltonian form for a spatially flat, isotropic and homogeneous universe. Subsequently, we perform the canonical quantization procedure to the Hamiltonian to obtain the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Solving the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and employing the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation to the wave function of the universe, we obtain a new version of spatially flat Friedmann equation for the early universe where the scale factor of the universe is taken to be sufficiently small.