ICP－AES中无机酸效应与OH带强度相关性研究

本文用干扰因子法对ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ中无机酸的非光谱干扰进行了讨论，特别是对元素干扰因子与ＯＨ带干扰因子之间的相关性作了较深入探讨。由此建立了元素干扰因子与ＯＨ带干扰因子之间的线性回归方程，并以ＯＨ带作为通用内参比线来校正无机酸效应引起的干扰。为了验证此种校正方法是否可行，我们对不同酸浓度的人工合成样品进行校正，校正后的回收率在８０％—１２０％之间，基本符合痕量分析要求，证明此种校正方法是可行的。     

氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定锑锭中氢化物元素和非氢化物元素

运用改进的同心喇叭口双溶液管雾化器，采用连续氢化物发生法，在酸性介质中，对锑锭样品溶液既发生雾化作用，又对可形成氢化物的元素（Ａｓ、Ｓｅ、Ｐｂ）发生氢化作用，使它们的发射强度得到显著提高，而对非形成氢化物的元素（Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ）的发射强度基本不受影响，利用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ同时测定锑锭中形成氢化物的元素和非形成氢化物的元素。对实际样品进行对比检测，结果令人满意。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯氧化镨中稀土杂质

深入考察了ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法测定高纯氧化镨时基体对稀土杂质测定的影响,研究了Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离大量基体Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１的实验条件,建立了采用内标补偿直接测定大部分稀土杂质和经Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离基体后测定被干扰离子Ｔｂ相结合测定高纯Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１中稀土杂质的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ分析方法。     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定DD6单晶合金中铝、铬、钴

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定DD6单晶高温合金中铝、铬、钴元素含量的方法。采用密闭微波消解法对样品进行前处理,利用模拟溶液分别考察基体元素和共存元素的光谱干扰及非光谱干扰对测定结果的影响,确定了铝、铬、钴的分析谱线分别为394.401,267.716,228.616 nm,通过基体匹配法对非光谱干扰进行补偿。待测元素在各自的质量浓度范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.9999,铝、铬、钴的检出限分别为0.110,0.018,0.003 μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.99%~1.21%(n=11),铝、铬、钴的加标回收率在分别为96.45%~103.69%,98.20%~99.40%,100.22%~102.85%。该方法简便、快速,具有较高的准确度,适用于镍基单晶高温合金中铝、铬、钴元素的测定。     

Groundwater Quality at the Huaibei Coalfield,China

The environmental and health impacts of trace elements are of great concern because of their toxicity, persistence, and bioavailability. Twenty-six groundwater samples were collected from the coal mining areas to evaluate water quality and potential environmental impact caused by mining activities. The physical/chemical properties and trace element concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were determined. The physical/chemical parameters and the concentrations of trace elements varied among the shallow and confined groundwater, which may indicate the absence of hydraulic interactions between the aquifers. The concentrations of trace elements in the mining areas are higher than at background monitoring sites, which suggests that the mining activities may lead to environmental and health impacts. Based on a health risk assessment, the low hazard quotients and cancer risk values in confined groundwater samples indicate that the chronic and cancer adverse effects due to trace elements are negligible. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of groundwater trace element impacts from coal mining in China and is useful for environmental management.     

考虑材料设计变量的热-固耦合结构的优化设计

从材料-结构协同设计的角度研究了热-固耦合结构的优化设计问题,将决定结构材料性质的细观参数与结构宏观几何参数作为设计变量,利用均匀化方法推导了细观设计变量灵敏度显式计算式,并结合耦合场有限元方程构造了耦合场设计变量灵敏度计算式;提出了材料-结构协同设计的三种优化设计模型.利用结构响应最小优化模型对算例进行了计算,比较了宏观设计变量优化和材料-结构协同设计优化的效果.计算结果显示,材料-结构协同优化设计可以取得较单一宏观设计变量更好的优化效果.     

Atomic spectrometry and atomic mass spectrometry in bioanalytical chemistry

Abstract

Atomic spectrometry and atomic mass spectrometric (MS) techniques have been playing crucial roles in the field of biosciences. They detect elements with relatively high sensitivities and are thus applicable to a wide range of analytical targets. In the past decade, determination of bio-relevant metallic elements continues to be of interest, while particularly noteworthy are methods developed for small molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and even cells that well exploited the bio-analytical strengths of atomic spectrometry and atomic MS, either in a direct or indirect manner. Quantitation, as well as speciation and imaging analyses are all involved. The present review aims to assimilate recent advances in bio-analysis utilizing atomic spectrometry and atomic MS, primarily covering the period of 2013–2018, in an attempt to provide readers insight into the developing trends of this research frontier. Followed by concluding remarks and perspectives, the applications are divided into the following four catalogs: (i) toxicologically important metal-containing species, with an emphasis on quantitative and imaging analysis; (ii) quantitation of biomolecules using naturally occurring heteroatoms; (iii) exogenous metal ion or nanoparticle tagging-based strategies in bioassays; and (iv) label-free detection of biomolecules.