原位制备具有增强光催化活性的S型Bi2Se3/g-C3N4光催化剂

光催化氧化是一种应用前景良好的环境治理技术.与絮凝、物理吸附和化学氧化等常见的方法相比,光催化氧化具有环境友好、氧化完全、方便和廉价等优势.特别是可见光光催化氧化,可利用太阳能中占比最高的可见光,在应用中更具优势.因而,探索可见光响应性能优异的光催化剂一直是光催化氧化领域的一个重要研究内容.硒化铋(Bi₂Se₃)是一种带隙(带隙宽度在0.3~1.3 e V)非常窄的半导体,能吸收全部波长范围的可见光和近红外光.此外,Bi₂Se₃还具有独特的金属表面态,其表面具有良好的导电性.这些特性使其在可见光光催化氧化领域具有很大的应用潜力.然而,由于Bi₂Se₃价带位置高,氧化能力很弱,其价带上的空穴在光催化反应中难以被消耗,导致空穴大量累积,并迅速与光生电子复合,大幅降低了Bi₂Se₃的光催化性能.因此,一直以来,Bi₂Se₃很少被用于光催化反应.如何充分利用Bi₂Se₃的光响应优势,制备出性能优异的光催化剂,仍是具有挑战性和吸引力的研究方向.本文采用预先制备的Bi2O3/g-C₃N₄复合物作为前驱体,通过原位转化的方法,将前驱体置于热的Se蒸汽中,使前驱体上的Bi2O3与Se蒸汽反应,完全转化为Bi₂Se₃纳米颗粒,从而制得Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂(Bi₂Se₃含量约为4 wt%).透射电镜结果表明,所形成的Bi₂Se₃纳米颗粒较均匀地分布在g-C₃N₄表面.表面功函数分析发现,Bi₂Se₃与g-C₃N₄结合后,它们的费米能级分别由原来的-0.55和-0.18 e V变为平衡时的-0.22 e V,可形成指向g-C₃N₄的内建电场,有利于形成梯型(S型)异质结.在此基础上,能级位移、荧光分析、结构计算和反应自由基测试等结果表明,Bi₂Se₃和g-C₃N₄之间形成了S型异质结.在可见光光催化降解苯酚的实验中,所制备的Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄复合物的光催化活性明显优于单一的Bi₂Se₃和g-C₃N₄.结合比表面、孔结构、光吸收和荧光等对比分析,认为Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄的这种S型异质结构在其光催化活性增强中起到了关键作用.在光照条件下,其g-C₃N₄导带中光生电子向Bi₂Se₃的价带迁移,并与光生空穴复合,从而使Bi₂Se₃导带上可保留更多的高活性光生电子参与光催化反应,由此Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄的光催化活性增强.循环性能测试和光还原实验结果表明,所制备的Bi₂Se₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂具有良好的稳定性.本文工作为高可见光吸收的光催化剂制备和性能增强提供了新途径和新视野.     

富缺陷BN负载的高分散Cu催化乙醇脱氢制乙醛

生物乙醇作为平台分子通过催化转化的方法可以制备烯烃、乙醛、丁醇和芳香化学品等,其中乙醛是生产乙酸、季戊四醇、三氯乙醛、山梨酸等重要化学品的原料.随着乙醛的需求量逐年增加,发展以乙醇直接脱氢生成乙醛的工艺,具有联产氢气、原子经济性高、产物易分离的优点,符合国际绿色低碳发展战略要求,有望替代当前乙烯氧化法生产工艺.乙醇分子...     

原位透射电镜研究正交相五氧化二铌纳米片的电化学储钠机制

由于正交相五氧化二铌(T-Nb₂O₅)为ReO₃型层状结构,锂、钠离子可以在其(001)平面快速脱嵌,而在[001]方向的传输一般较难。本研究通过原位透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM)方法研究钠在T-Nb₂O₅纳米片(001)面内及[001]方向的钠离子电化学嵌入行为,发现由于纳米片晶体存在大量的位错和畴界,钠离子可通过这些缺陷穿越(001)面扩散,并进而在深层的(001)面内快速扩散。同时,本研究还发现刚合成的T-Nb₂O₅纳米片在[001]方向上存在调制结构,存在交替分布的压应变和张应变区域,而钠离子的嵌入可以调节这些应变分布。     

底板岩层水力学特性原位测试研究

本文介绍了井下煤层底板岩层水力学特性（含单位涌水量、水压、渗透系数、裂隙导高带等）的钻孔原位测试方法,以太原市东山煤矿为例,详细给出了煤层底板石炭纪太原组和本溪组岩层的含水性态（水压、单位涌水量、渗透系数）及其奥灰水裂隙导高带等测试方法和结果,对承压水上采煤问题具有重要的参考价值。     

原位漫反射红外光谱表征钛硅分子筛TS-1催化苯乙烯氧化反应

采用高温漫反射红外光谱考察了钛硅分子筛TS-1的稳定性,发现960 cm-1吸收峰在673 K时没有变化,表明所表征的骨架钛具有一定的高温稳定性,而表征分子筛骨架振动的两个吸收峰在673 K下向低波数位移了约13 cm-1。探讨了H₂O₂吸附对TS-1分子筛骨架钛的影响,发现960 cm-1处的吸收峰在吸附H₂O₂后强度减弱,并且向高波数位移了11 cm-1;抽真空或加热,吸收峰又复原,表明骨架钛可能存在TiO结构,H₂O₂与分子筛中的TiO作用,使相应的960 cm-1吸收峰向高波数位移。原位漫反射红外光谱考察了TS-1催化苯乙烯氧化反应,谱图分析表明,苯甲醛是主要产物,TS-1催化氧化的关键是H₂O₂吸附在TS-1的骨架钛上形成活性中心。     

In situ deposition behavior of silica-based layers and its effect on thermal degradation of IN713 turbine blades during operation of a micro-gas turbine

This study examined the in situ deposition behavior of silica-based layers on IN713 turbine blades during the operation of a 13 kgf-class gas turbine at a rotation speed of 20,000/min as well as its effect on the degradation of the metallic substrate. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was mixed with the fuel (liquid petroleum gas, LPG) and burned to generate silica-based coating precursors for deposition from the flame. Two deposition conditions were adopted. For condition 1 (C1), the silicon-to-carbon ratio in the mixed fuel was set at 0.1 mol% for the first 5 min and at zero mol% for the final 95 min in a 100-min operation. For condition 2 (C2), the ratio was set at 0.005 mol% during the entire 100 min operation. The total TEOS feed was the same under both conditions. C1 resulted in a rather uniform and thicker (5-10 μm on the pressure side) porous silica-based coating on the blade than C2. The in situ deposited layer of C1 was well preserved on the blade and protected the underlying metallic substrate from oxidation during the entire 100 min operation. The layer on the C2 blades was ∼5 μm thick at the region near to root, but was too thin in the other areas on the blade to be protective. The early build-up of a porous layer to an effective thickness on the blades produced a thermal barrier toward the substrate as well as a diffusion barrier toward the oxidizing elements during operation.     

Tandem Oxidation Sequence to Prepare Ethyl (E)‐4,5‐Dioxo‐2‐hexadecenoate: A Formal Synthesis of Podoscyphic Acid

A tandem oxidation reaction has been utilized to prepare ethyl (E)‐4,5‐dioxo‐2‐hexadecenoate, the immediate precusor to the antiviral fungal metabolite podoscyphic acid.     

Boundedness of the fbi transform on sobolev spaces and propagation of singularities

It is shown that the FBI transform of Baouendi, Chang and Treves is bounded on Sobolev spaces.Applications to the propagation of singularities are given     

Magnetic fluid poly(ethylene glycol) with moderate anticancer activity

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-containing magnetic fluids - magnetite (Fe₃O₄) stabilized by sodium oleate - were prepared. Magnetic measurements confirmed superparamagnetic behaviour at room temperature. The structure of that kind of magnetic fluid was characterized using different techniques, including electron microscopy, photon cross correlation spectroscopy and small-angle neutron scattering, while the adsorption of PEG on magnetic particles was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. From the in vitro toxicity tests it was found that a magnetic fluid containing PEG (MFPEG) partially inhibited the growth of cancerous B16 cells at the highest tested dose (2.1 mg/ml of Fe₃O₄ in MFPEG).     

In vitro bioassays for the study of endocrine-disrupting food additives and contaminants

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are capable of interfering with normal hormone homeostasis by acting on several targets and through a wide variety of mechanisms. Unwanted exposure to EDCs can lead to a wide spectrum of adverse health effects, especially when exposure is during critical windows of development. Feed and food are considered to be among the main routes of inadvertent exposure to EDCs, so there is an important need for efficient detection of EDCs in these matrices.We describe in vitro bioassays that can complement current analytical chemistry in order to detect unwanted EDCs and describe their action, emphasizing assays that can measure effects on nuclear receptor signaling or hormone production. We outline both validated and unvalidated in vitro assays currently available in the scientific community for detecting and studying the effects of EDCs, and discuss their possible role in the food-safety context. We conclude by identifying gaps in the current battery of in vitro assays available for EDCs and suggest future possibilities for development and validation.