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HL-2A装置激光吹气系统采用了全新自动控制的设计方法,实现了杂质注入量、靶片位移以及激光器被触发的时刻的精确自动控制.运行结果表明,该系统能把杂质的注入量控制在适当的水平,既不对等离子体约束产生影响,又便于光谱测量和杂质粒子输运研究.给出了激光吹气系统的设计,以及初步的实验结果.     

Size effect on doped single walled carbon nanotubes

Considering impurity doping in small sized carbon nanotubes of diameter around 0.4 nm, we have calculated the donor binding energy by increasing the dopant concentration through a screening function that includes the curvature effect. We could observe the sudden fall in donor binding energy and metallic behaviour of the smaller single walled carbon nanotubes around 10¹¹/cm² (0.0026%) of impurity concentration. This result is useful for nano electronic device application such as nano diodes and switches.     

Stream function solution of Navier-Stokes problems with inter-element penalties

In this note, we apply a finite element stream function formulation with inter-element penalties to the Navier-Stokes equations. The approach is an extension of a technique previously introduced for Stokes, flow. The solution is obtained by iterative linearization using successive approximation, and results for a standard numerical test case are given.     

Simulation of forming processes by FEM with a Bingham fluid model

We model the forming process as a fluid flow. A finite element program, FIDAP, which analyses flow problems, was used to calculate velocity and strain rates at points throughout the material during the deformation process. This allows predictions to be made on the shape and quality of the resulting part. The stress-strain relation we used models the plastic flow of metals (Bingham fluids). The FEM approximation of such a fluid is tested by comparing results for a simple analytical example. In forming processes provision must be made for friction between dye and workpiece, and the program was modified accordingly. Two classical ring forming simulations are compared to published results.     

Numerical simulation of the horizontal Bridgman growth. Part II: Three-dimensional flow

We study the steady-state three-dimensional flow which occurs in a horizontal crucible of molten metal under the action of a horizontal temperature gradient. The geometry and the boundary conditions are similar to those encountered in the Bridgman growth process of semiconductor crystals. We find that three-dimensional effects can have a dramatic influence upon the flow, which, before the onset of periodic disturbances, differs appreciably from its two-dimensional counterpart. We also investigate the sensitivity of the flow to non-symmetric disturbances.     

Adaptive finite element methods for high-speed compressible flows

We describe an adaptive finite element algorithm for solving the unsteady Euler equations. The finite element algorithm is based on a Taylor/Galerkin formulation and uses a very fast and efficient data structure to refine and unrefine the grid in order to optimize the approximation. We give a general version of the method which can be applied to moving grids with sliding interfaces and we present the results for a transient supersonic calculation of rotor-stator interaction.     

2,7-二苯芴酮伴随巨大红移的聚集诱导发光：真实还是假象？

先前报道的2,7-二苯芴酮具有不寻常的,伴随150 nm荧光红移的聚集诱导发光现象. 通过重复实验,发现这种异常行为由合成的2,7-二苯芴酮中少量2,7-二苯芴(DPF)造成. 固态纯2,7-二苯芴酮分子在528 nm处确实有强烈的荧光,是在二氯甲烷稀溶液中的4∽5倍(542 nm),但在固体中是蓝移而不是红移. 合成的2,7-二苯芴酮固体的荧光增强和波长红移现象由少量2,7-二苯芴杂质造成. 在稀溶液中,2,7-二苯芴的荧光远强于2,7-二苯芴酮且波长较短,当2,7-二苯芴酮中含有痕量(约1%)2,7-二苯芴时,主要的荧光峰来自于2,7-二苯芴. 因为2,7-二苯芴的吸收峰与2,7-二苯芴酮重叠,所以2,7-二苯芴的电子能可以转移到2,7-二苯芴酮上. 随着浓度的增加,因为2,7-二苯芴与周围2,7-二苯芴酮分子的距离更近,能量转移会变快. 这造成了2,7-二苯芴的荧光猝灭(356和372 nm)和2,7-二苯芴酮的荧光增强(溶液中542 nm,固体中528 nm). 因此,在高浓度溶液或者固体中,仅有542或528 nm的荧光峰出现,356和372 nm 处荧光峰消失.     

Determination of major and trace elements in the indigenous medicinal plant Withania somnifera and their possible correlation with therapeutic activity

Withania somnifera (family Solanaceae) has been studied to determine major and trace elements and their possible correlation with therapeutic value of the plant. Nine trace elements were determined in Withania somnifera. This important medicinal plant was found to be rich in Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn. These trace elements are well known for curing diseases. The plant contains nutrient elements, which are best sources for fodder.     

Chemometric quality control of chromatographic purity

It is common practice in chromatographic purity analysis of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes to assess the quality of peak integration combined by visual investigation of the chromatogram. This traditional method of visual chromatographic comparison is simple, but is very subjective, laborious and seldom very quantitative. For high-purity drugs it would be particularly difficult to detect the occurrence of an unknown impurity co-eluting with the target compound, which is present in excess compared to any impurity. We hypothesize that this can be achieved through Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) based on principal component analysis (PCA) modeling. In order to obtain the lowest detection limit, different chromatographic data preprocessing methods such as time alignment, baseline correction and scaling are applied. Historical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms from a biopharmaceutical in-process analysis are used to build a normal operation condition (NOC) PCA model. Chromatograms added simulated 0.1% impurities with varied resolutions are exposed to the NOC model and monitored with MSPC charts. This study demonstrates that MSPC based on PCA applied on chromatographic purity analysis is a powerful tool for monitoring subtle changes in the chromatographic pattern, providing clear diagnostics of subtly deviating chromatograms. The procedure described in this study can be implemented and operated as the HPLC analysis runs according to the process analytical technology (PAT) concept aiming for real-time release.     

Impurity profiling of acetylspiramycin by liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry

Investigation of acetylspiramycin (ASPM) and its related substances was carried out using a reversed-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. The identification of impurities in the ASPM complex was performed with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer, with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive ion mode which provides MSⁿ capability. A total of 83 compounds were characterized in commercial samples, among which 31 impurities that had never been reported and 31 partially characterized impurities were deduced using the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of major ASPM components as templates. Most of the major impurities arise from the starting materials and the synthesis process. This work provides very useful information for quality control of ASPM and evaluation of its synthesis process.