基于HITRAN数据库的深海甲烷辐射光谱仿真研究

研发能够精确、实时、原位获取热液甲烷数据的深海甲烷传感器对深海研究具有非常重要的意义。前期研制的两款深海甲烷光学成像干涉系统,均利用甲烷辐射光谱开展甲烷状态参数探测和反演。首先,以分子光谱辐射理论为基础,建立了分子辐射光谱与浓度、温度、压强的理论关系式,结合深海高压环境特点,建立了基于Lorentz线型的深海分子辐射模型,该模型为利用光谱法定量反演分子浓度、温度、压强等状态参数提供理论依据,同时为深海分子光谱仿真提供有力工具。接着,借助HITRAN分子光谱数据库提供的分子基本谱线参数,挑选出甲烷成像干涉系统的光源谱线。对比CH₄分子与CO₂, H₂S, H₂O等分子的特征吸收谱线,在5 990～6 150 cm-1波段范围内,CH₄谱线强度比CO₂, H₂S, H₂O等三种干扰分子的谱线强度约高2～3个数量级,且此波段内甲烷六条有效谱线分布均匀,谱线间距皆约为2～3 nm,非常适合采用光谱法进行分子状态参数探测,因此选择谱线干扰较弱、谱线分布均匀、谱线间距适中的甲烷六条谱线(1 640.37, 1 642.91, 1 645.56, 1 648.23, 1 650.96和1 653.72 nm)作为甲烷成像干涉探测系统的目标光源谱线。最后,基于深海分子辐射模型和HITRAN数据库的甲烷分子基本谱线参数,人工合成了甲烷任意浓度,任意温度和任意压强的辐射光谱数据,并分析了甲烷辐射光谱随浓度、温度和压强的变化特征。对于单一中心谱线,甲烷分子辐亮度随着浓度的升高而线性增大,随着温度的升高而非线性增大,随着压强的升高而非线性减小。对于全波段谱线,甲烷辐射光谱的全线宽随着浓度、温度的升高而变宽,随着压强的升高而变窄。建立的深海甲烷辐射光谱理论和仿真分析结果,可以为基于光谱法的海洋原位甲烷传感器的研制和数据反演提供数据支撑和理论依据。     

磁粒子成像示踪剂的研究进展

磁粒子成像是基于功能和断层影像技术检测磁性纳米粒子空间分布的示踪方法, 具有正向的对比信号、 较低的组织背景、 无限的组织穿透深度、 非侵入性成像以及无电离辐射等优点, 是近年来一种很有前途的生物医学成像技术. 磁粒子成像信号是通过在无场点切换磁性纳米粒子的磁自旋矢量来产生的. 磁粒子成像的灵敏度和空间分辨率都高度依赖于作为磁粒子成像示踪剂的磁性纳米粒子本身的磁性能, 因此目前的研究主要集中在磁性纳米粒子的设计和合成上. 本文重点介绍了磁粒子成像示踪剂的最新研究进展, 总结了可作为磁粒子成像示踪剂的磁性纳米粒子的种类、 合成方法、 性能以及生物医学应用, 以期为磁粒子成像的未来研究提供参考.     

Contrast manipulation in NMR imaging

The past few years have shown rapid growth of NMR imaging in both image quality and diagnostic usefulness. It has become apparent, as the images have been published, that both inter- and intra-group imaging of the same underlying pathology produces images which can have vastly differing appearance. This effect is mainly due to imaging techniques which use different pulse sequence types and timings thus varying the relative contribution of the protpn density, T1, and T2 properties of the tissues. In this paper we investigate the contrast manipulation effects and methods for SNR optimization for the saturation recovery, inversion recovery, spin echo, and inversion recovery spin echo pulse sequences when applied to three clinically relevant imaging tasks.     

Gadolinium oxide: a protoype agent for contrast enhanced imaging of the liver and spleen with magnetic resonance

Gd2O3 particles (less than 2 microns) in suspension were evaluated as a potential contrast agent for liver-spleen imaging with magnetic resonance. The agent was administered IV to rabbits in doses ranging from 10 to 120 mumol/kg and the tissues removed after sacrifice for in vitro T1 and T2 analysis. The temporal response was determined in liver and spleen samples of rabbits given a fixed dose (60 mumol/kg) and sacrificed at intervals from 15 min to 60 hr later. Documentation of the subanatomic location of Gd2O3 particles in tissue was accomplished by electron microscopy and x-ray dispersion microanalysis. T1 weighted images were obtained at 0.12T on a prototype resistive scanner. The liver, spleen, and lung relaxation times are very responsive to Gd2O3 IV and the effect is dose related. A peak effect is observed between 3-7 hr after injection and relaxation times may normalize by 60 hr. By electron microscopic and x-ray analysis, Gd2O3 is most prominently found in the hepatic and splenic sinusoids. The images show marked enhancement of liver and splenic tissues, aiding in the clear delineation of these tissues from neighboring structures.     

含系统模糊的闪光照相正向成像技术研究及应用

正向成像技术是正向计算与反演相结合的密度重建技术的基础。为了正确获取闪光照相面光源下复杂客体的正向计算数值图像,提出了面光源点源化的思想,并用窗口化的探测系统模糊、径迹法等技术得到了更加准确的、含系统模糊的正向投影矩阵以及方程。利用含系统模糊的正向投影方程计算实验客体的正向投影,获得了与实验结果一致的边界信息。含系统模糊的正向投影方程和逆问题求解的约束共轭梯度法合成了整体密度重建方法。整体密度重建方法应用于FTO客体的模拟图像和实验图像,都能够将模糊控制在1~2个像素。