IgA肾病免疫吸附剂吸附性能及血液相容性研究

针对IgA肾病研究制备用于IgA吸附的免疫吸附剂．采用不同活化方法、不同配基制备吸附剂，测定吸附效率并进行比较．体外吸附实验表明吸附剂对IgA肾病病人血清中的IgA具有较强的吸附性能；对正常人血液进行血液相容性实验及对健康小鼠的急性毒性实验证明该吸附剂具有良好的血液相容性且安全、无毒．该吸附剂可作为IgA肾病的免疫吸附剂．     

1 H NMR‐based metabolomics study for identifying urinary biomarkers and perturbed metabolic pathways associated with severity of IgA nephropathy: a pilot study

The severity of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis, is judged on the basis of histologic and clinical features. A limited number of studies have considered molecular signature of IgAN for this issue, and no reliable biomarkers have been presented non‐invasively for use in patient evaluations. This study aims to identify metabolite markers excreted in the urine and impaired pathways that are associated with a known marker of severity (proteinuria) to predict mild and severe stages of IgAN. Urine samples were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance from biopsy‐proven IgAN patients at mild and severe stages. Multivariate statistical analysis and pathway analysis were performed. The most changed metabolites were acetoacetate, hypotaurine, homocysteine, L‐kynurenine and phenylalanine. Nine metabolites were positively correlated with proteinuria, including mesaconic acid, trans‐cinnamic acid, fumaric acid, 5‐thymidylic acid, anthranilic acid, indole, deoxyguanosine triphosphate, 13‐cis‐retinoic acid and nicotinamide riboside, while three metabolites were negatively correlated with proteinuria including acetoacetate, hypotaurine and hexanal. ‘Phenylalanine metabolism’ was the most significant pathway which was impaired in severe stage in comparison to mild stage of IgAN. This study indicates that nuclear magnetic resonance is a versatile technique that is capable of detecting metabolite biomarkers in combination with advanced multivariate statistical analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Use of gnotobiotic mice to identify and characterize key microbes responsible for the development of the intestinal immune system

Symbiosis between intestinal microbiota and the host animal plays an important role in the homeostasis of host physiology. Since the first production of germ-free rodents in 1945, it has become increasingly clear that the intestinal immune system and the biochemical characteristics of epithelial cells differ greatly between conventional and germ-free rodents. However, questions remain about the types of microbes involved and the precise mechanism by which these microbes affect the host physiology. Here, we review experiments designed to answer these questions with the use of gnotobiotic mice. We have determined suitable biochemical and immunological markers for monitoring microbial effects in these mice. Using these markers, we have found clear differences in epithelial cell glycolipid biosynthesis and intraepithelial lymphocyte dynamics between germ-free and conventional mice. Furthermore, we have identified a key microbe that activates the mucosal immune system in the small intestine. This indigenous bacteria, called segmented filamentous bacteria, is a key symbiont in the host-microbiota interplay, including Th17 cell-inducing activity.     

Immunologic Characterization of Spasmodic Dysphonia Patients Who Develop Resistance to Botulinum Toxin

The immune status of six spasmodic dysphonia patients who became resistant to botulinum toxin was compared to that of a series of patients who remained responsive. The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and cumulative dose of toxin. Five of the resistant patients had a significant titer of anti-botulinum toxin IgG antibodies, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These same five resistant patients had a circulating titer of anti-heavy chain antibodies, but only three of these patients had a circulating titer of anti-light chain antibodies, as determined by Western blotting. By contrast, none of the responsive patients had antibodies against the holotoxin or its two chains. Interestingly, two of the resistant patients also had a low circulating titer of anti-botulinum toxin IgA antibodies. None of the responsive patients was IgA-positive. The cumulative dose of botulinum toxin administered to resistant patients was lower than that customarily associated with emergence of immunity in dystonia patients.