羧基丁苯-纳米氧化硅复合粉末增韧聚苯乙烯的研究

用直接分散聚合法制备了羧基丁苯-纳米氧化硅杂化胶乳,经喷雾干燥得到的羧基丁苯-纳米氧化硅复合粉末通过本体-悬浮聚合和熔融共混法制备了高抗冲聚苯乙烯.结果表明,本体/悬浮聚合法中预聚转化率的控制与复合粉末的加入量有关,当加入的复合粉末的质量分数为0.05时,冲击强度可提高5倍,也高于熔融共混法所制备的改性聚苯乙烯.本体/悬浮聚合法制备的改性聚苯乙烯的热分解温度（Td）高于熔融共混法改性的,且Td随复合粉末加入量的增加而提高,但改性聚苯乙烯的刚性有一定程度的降低,而对材料的玻璃化转变温度影响不大.     

The effect of branching on the physical properties of 73/27 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid/2‐hydroxy‐6‐naphthoic acid

The 73/27 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA)/2‐hydroxy‐6‐naphthoic acid (HNA) copolyester was prepared by the inclusion of two crosslinkable oligomers. These systems were synthesized by melt polymerization and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarized optical microscope and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The transition from thermoplastic to thermosetting character occurred when 10 wt% or above of oligomer was added to the 73/27 HBA/HNA random mixture. The melt rheology of the HBA/HNA copolyesters containing two oligomers was investigated. The copolyesters displayed an increase in complex viscosity and transition from liquid‐like to solid‐like behavior as the oligomer content increased, and finally there was no melting transition when the oligomer content reached 10 wt%. Shear storage modulus measured by a dielectric mechanical analysis decreased slightly with increasing oligomer content. An adhesive test using an aluminum sheet revealed an increase in the lap shear strength up to 5 wt% of oligomer content without a significant reduction in shear storage modulus. On the other hand, the 73/27 HBA/HNA containing 10 wt% oligomer displayed a dramatic decrease in lap shear strength. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Strength of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds

The concept of resonance-assisted hydrogen bonds(RAHBs)highlights the synergistic interplay between theπ-resonance and hydrogen bonding interactions.This concept has been well-accepted in academia and is widely used in practice.However,it has been argued that the seemingly enhanced intramolecular hydrogen bonding(IMHB)in unsaturated compounds may simply be a result of the constraints imposed by theσ-skeleton framework.Thus,it is crucial to estimate the strength of IMHBs.In this work,we used two approaches to probe the resonance effect and estimate the strength of the IMHBs in the two exemplary cases of the enol forms of acetylacetone and o-hydroxyacetophenone.One approach is the block-localized wavefunction(BLW)method,which is a variant of the ab initio valence bond(VB)theory.Using this approach,it is possible to derive the geometries and energetics with resonance shut down.The other approach is Edmiston’s truncated localized molecular orbital(TLMO)technique,which monitors the energy changes by removing the delocalization tails from localized molecular orbitals.The integrated BLW and TLMO studies confirmed that the hydrogen bonding in these two molecules is indeed enhanced byπ-resonance,and that this enhancement is not a result ofσconstraints.     

Features of crystallization behavior of natural rubber/halloysite nanotubes composites using synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering

The correlation between the mechanical strength and the crystallization behavior of natural rubber (NR)/halloysite nanotubes (HNT) composites is discussed. The tensile strength of NR is improved with the addition of HNT. This improvement is attributed to the unique structure of HNT, which facilitates good dispersion and strong interfacial interaction. HNT also play an important role in assisting the strain-induced crystallization of NR. Crystallization under strain is observed using synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering. The stress–strain curves and the corresponding degree of crystallinity after straining provide further evidence. Based on these analyses, a mechanistic model for strain-induced crystallization and the evolution of the orientation of the network structure is proposed.     

A Rapidly Self‐Healing Host–Guest Supramolecular Hydrogel with High Mechanical Strength and Excellent Biocompatibility

It is still a challenge to achieve both excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility in hydrogels. In this study, we exploited two interactions to form a novel biocompatible, slicing‐resistant, and self‐healing hydrogel. The first was molecular host–guest recognition between a host (isocyanatoethyl acrylate modified β‐cyclodextrin) and a guest (2‐(2‐(2‐(2‐(adamantyl‐1‐oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol acrylate) to form “three‐arm” host–guest supramolecules (HGSMs), and the second was covalent bonding between HGSMs (achieved by UV‐initiated polymerization) to form strong cross‐links in the hydrogel. The host–guest interaction enabled the hydrogel to rapidly self‐heal. When it was cut, fresh surfaces were formed with dangling host and guest molecules (due to the breaking of host–guest recognition), which rapidly recognized each other again to heal the hydrogel by recombination of the cut surfaces. The smart hydrogels hold promise for use as biomaterials for soft‐tissue repair.     

Surface functionalizing effect of fillers on the tribological properties of MWCNT reinforcement HSGFs/phenolic laminate composites under water lubrication

Multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and high strength glass fabrics (HSGFs) were modified by polydopamine and polyethyleneimine, respectively. The aim is to improve the friction and wear performance of the synthesized laminate composites in water environment. In this work, polydopamine was used to improve the dispersibility of MWCNTs in phenolic resin matrix, and polyethyleneimine was utilized to enhance the wettability and reactivity of HSGFs. The modified results showed that the dispersibility of MWCNTs treated by polydopamine in water had a distinct improvement in comparison with that of the pristine MWCNTs. Furthermore, it can be clearly observed that good dispersibility can improve the friction and wear performance of the laminate composites. After functionalizing HSGFs by polyethyleneimine, the laminate composites exhibited excellent interfacial bonding, also greatly enhancing the friction and wear properties of the composites.     

Estimation of the emission temperature of an electrodeless discharge lamp and determination of the oscillator strength for the I(P3/2) 183.038 nm resonance transition

The 183.038 nm resonance absorption transition of I(²P_3/2) has been studied using a flash photolysis set-up for gas-phase chemistry and a radio frequency powered electrodeless discharge lamp filled with iodine. The dependence of self-absorption and self-reversal on iodine partial pressure in the discharge volume was measured. The optimum iodine partial pressure, with self-absorption minimized and acceptable intensity, is determined to be approximately 2.5×10⁻³ mbar. A method is described to estimate the temperature of the emitting atoms using direct measurements of relative absorption at different absorber concentrations. This yields an emission temperature of 923±50 K. Using this temperature, the oscillator strength for the I(²P_3/2) transition at 183.038 nm is determined to be f=(3.87±0.57)×10⁻³, corresponding to an absorption cross-section at the center of the line of σ=(5.42±0.8)×10⁻¹⁴ cm² atom⁻¹_. This shows a difference from one of two earlier measurements, but is close to the other. The remaining difference from the latter measurement is probably due to tendencies of opposite biases inherent to the experiments.     

高残炭硼酚醛树脂的制备

酚醛树脂(PF)因其具有良好的耐热性能和机械性能而被广泛应用。但其耐热性能已经满足不了现代航空航天技术的需求,研究发现,采用硼酸对酚醛树脂进行改性,可以制得具有优良耐高温性能的硼酚醛树脂(BPF)。采用硼酸酯法合成硼酚醛树脂,n(苯酚)∶n(甲醛)=1∶1.5时耐热性最佳。热分析结果表明,合成的BPF在1000℃条件下的残炭率为78%,其耐热性能明显优于传统的酚醛树脂。同时讨论了不同硼酸含量对BPF耐热性能的影响,当n(硼酸)∶n(苯酚)0.33∶1时,残炭率趋于稳定。此外,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)方法确定BPF预固化温度为160℃,后固化温度为220℃。     

Effect of cold plasma process on the surface wettability of NBR and the kerosene resistance of NBR/PTFE composites

In this study, first the acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR5080) was modified by argon (Ar), air, and oxygen plasma at low temperature, and the effect of plasma process (power, time, and pressure) on the surface properties of NBR5080, the interfacial properties, physical properties, and the mechanical properties of NBR5080/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were investigated. The state contact angle and the surface free energy were applied to characterize the surface wettability of NBR5080. The scanning electron microscope and the atomic force microscope were used to observe the surface morphology of the NBR5080. The chemical changes on the NBR5080 surface were verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The average water contact angle the NBR5080 declined obviously when NBR5080 was treated by Ar (100 W/600 s/30 Pa). The active oxygen groups were introduced onto the surface of NBR5080 by cold plasma treatment and more active group containing oxygen were observed on the samples treated by Ar plasma. The peel strength between the NBR5080 and the PTFE was increased obviously, which increased from 0 to 44.2 N?m^?1 for Ar plasma treatment. The mass and the dimension of NBR5080 increase sharply after immersing in kerosene, whereas the NBR5080/PTFE composites changed a little. The mechanical properties of NBR5080 and NBR5080/PTFE composites decreased as the immersion time in kerosene increased, but the decreased degree of NBR5080 is higher than NBR5080/PTFE composites.     

不同脱铝深度稀土超稳Y沸石的催化性能的研究

本文选择正庚烷、正十六烷、环己烯和α-甲基萘作为探针分子考察了四种脱铝深度的稀土超稳Y沸石对短链烃、长链烃、单环烯烃和多环芳烃的催化性能,同时将催化性能与稀土超稳Y沸石的酸性关联起来。结果表明:四种沸石对各种探针分子的裂解活性依次为正十六烷>正庚烷>α-甲基萘>环己烯。对单个探针反应,除REUSY-38外,其余样品的裂解活性和选择性均与骨架铝有关而与非骨架铝无关;裂解活性随(N_(AI))_E的减少,酸强度的增加而增加,即REUSY-2>REUSY-2m>REUSY-1。反应温度的升高和脱铝深度的加深,都会导致探针反应的裂解深度的增加。