Applications of the Graph Theory to the Prediction of Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Nano-filled Polymers

The addition of carbon nanofibers to a polymeric matrix is known to affect its mechanical and electrical properties, although the mechanisms responsible for the changes are not sufficiently understood. Particularly, there are currently no adequate predictive methods that allow the creation of knowledge-based structures tailored for specific electrical response. We have developed a method for predicting the electric and dielectric properties of nanofiber-reinforced polymer matrices based on the application of the graph theory and circuit laws. We consider the individual properties of the polymeric matrix and the complex nanofiber network (including fiber orientation, concentration, and size), under an applied external electric field, and from the analysis we obtain information such as perlocative pathways, breakdown voltage, and impedance of the overall system. Simulations for two-phase systems consisting of a dielectric matrix and randomly oriented nanofibers have shown that the concentration and the length of the fibers affect the properties. Increased concentrations or longer fibers both result in networks for which it is easier to establish conducting paths through breakdown mechanisms.     

Hydrolytically Stable Interphase on Alumina and Glass Fibers via Hydrosilylation

The poor hydrolytic stability of silane interphase greatly limits the use of fiber reinforced composites (FRC) in demanding applications in which the FRC part is permanently exposed to a moist environment such as in prosthetic dentistry and orthodontics. To improve hydrolytic stability of the interphase between the matrix composed of a blend of triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGMA) and bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (Bis–GMA) monomers and glass or alumina oxide fibers, a two-step hydrosilylation procedure was employed. The process consisted of creating hydride intermediate on the fiber surface followed by hydrosilylation reaction attaching the unsaturated organic monomer (Bis–GMA) forming stable –Si–C bonds. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed formation of the hydride intermediate on the surface and then, attachment of the appropriate organic compound in the second step. The amount of deposited interphase and its stability was significantly enhanced compared to standard silanization treatment. Fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after environmental exposure proving that the most stable interfacial bond was obtained with the two-step treated fibers. It was concluded that hydrosilylation provides a viable alternative to silanization for both glass and ceramic fibers in composites intended for applications requiring enhanced hydrolytic stability of the composite parts.     

非离子型表面活性剂所组成微乳液的异常流变性

以非离子型表面活性剂所组成的微乳液为研究对象,通过测定流变性、粘度、电导和NMR等实验,研究其微观结构.实验表明:在不同水油比范围内有不同结构,在层状结构区也有异常流变性,对此现象有了进一步理解.     

分子轨道成键性质及原子间化学键强度的成键能判据

本文定义了成键能Eb并用作分子轨道成键性质和分子中原子间化学键强度的判据。与Mulliken重叠布居Pb不同, 在成键能Eb中同时包含了原子轨道间的重叠因素和原子轨道的能量因素。对一些分子所作计算结果表明, 成键能判据较Mulliken重叠布居判据所得结论与实验更相符。     

自动调节光谱响应的高精度多组分分析研究: 人工神经网络分光光度法

本文论证了人工神经网络(ANN)对多组分光度分析的应用。探讨了人工神经网络算法及其影响因素。用此法做五组分体系(维生素B1, B2, B6, C和菸酰胺)紫外光度分析, 并与CPA方法作比较。该方法的特点在于可由调节不同光谱范围的线性及非线性响应的计算过程来自动校正。研究结果证实了该方法的优越性。     

电动势法对LiCl-Li~2SO~4-H~2O体系25℃热力学性质研究

用自制的锂离子选择电极和经典Ag-AgCl电极,测定25℃时LiCl-Li~2SO~4-H~2O三元体系中离子强度0.01～6.0mol.kg^-1的LiCl平均活度系数.,由实验数据,用多元线性回归法求取Pitzer方程、Harned方程的离子作用参数和系数,并用上述方程计算LiCl在混合溶液中的平均活度系数,分别以Inγ~±LiCl和logγ~±LiCl的形式与实验值进行比较,标准偏差均小于0.008.本工作测得的LiCl平均活度系数的自然对数与等压法测定的渗透系数拟合的Pitzer方程参数计算值比较,标准偏差为0.0097.同时计算了Li~2SO~4在该体系中的平均活度系数和混合溶液的渗透系数以及混合超额自由能.     

弱电解质解离热力学研究 I. 对硝基苯酚-NaCl-水体系

本文在298.15±0.2K测定了九个恒定离子强度不同PH值缓冲溶液中对硝基苯酚有等吸收点的紫外谱图。在恒定总离子旨度为I=0.1-2.0mol/kg条件下, 利用谱图中的光密度数据和测定的PH值, 根据扩展的Debye-Huckel公式外推得到pK°=7.246。K°为对硝基苯酚的热力学解离常数, 本文又提出了用多项式拟合法确定pK°, 其值为7.308。两者在实验误差范围内一致。     

小螺桨烷的"弯键"研究

本文利用Hellmann-Feynman力的ab initio计算程序ABHF, 定义了小螺桨烷中弯键的张力、胁变能、键弯曲角等公式, 计算了[1.1.1]螺桨烷、[2.1.1]螺桨烷、[2.2.2]螺桨烷[2.2.2]螺浆烷的重垒力f^0、等效点电荷q^0、键的弯曲角α、张力f、键合力F、胁变能ε等。对这种具有较高键张力的分子进行了稳定性和成键特性等方面的研究, 计算及理论分析结果满意地解释了实验事实。     

支持电解质和离子强度对溶液中配合物稳定性的影响II. 中性离子对CuSO4和配阴离子Fe(Tiron)-的稳定性

本文用分光光度法测定了离子强度为 0.2 至4.2 范围内的离子对CuSO: 和配阴离子Fe(Tiron)- 在各种支持电解质中的稳定性. 在各种支持电解质中, 两个配合物体系的稳定性随离子强度变化的趋势基本一致, 但稳定性的极小值位置则大相同. 稳定性数据表明,B体系在离子强度小于2.0 时适用; 对Fe(Tiron) -体系则完全不能应用. 本文简单地讨论了造成上述情况的原因. 测得CuSo4 和Fe(Tiron)- 在25°C 时的热力学稳定常数logK. 分别为2.17和19.50.     

聚氨酯与接枝乙烯基酯树脂互穿网络研究: 自由基共聚 单体的影响

通过分子设计技术合成了两种侧链种类和长度可能控制的接枝乙烯基酯树脂(VER),并用它们与聚氨酯(PU)形成了同步互穿网络(SIN)。通过DSC,SEM,TEM,FTIR等考察了接枝VER的共聚单体对VERSIN的形态结构与力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为共聚单体的接枝VER网络中的MMA链段与PU网络中的硬段有较好的相容性,导致这类PU/接枝VERSIN中两个网络间的相容性和互穿程度好于由苯乙烯为共聚单体时合成4SIN。因此,在这两类共聚单体合成的SIN中,由MMA形成的接枝VER网络增强PU网络的效果更为显著。