The simulation of infrared bands from the analyses of rotational spectra: the 2ν9-ν9 and ν5-ν9 hot bands of HNO3

The results of millimeter and submillimeter wave rotational spectroscopy are used to simulate the complex structure of the 2ν₉-ν₉ and ν₅-ν₉ hot bands. The comparison data were obtained with a high-resolution Bruker FTIR. The combination of the quality of these data and the complexity of the spectra of these interacting states represents a stringent test for the simulation. It is shown that the agreement is very good and that this approach is generally advantageous. From this simulation, the ratios of the transition dipole moments for the 2ν₉-ν₉ and ν₅-ν₉ hot bands with respect to the ν₉ fundamental band were found to be 1.38(11) and 0.67(20), respectively. Using these results, the calculated integrated band intensities for the hot bands at were determined to be and . These results were used to successfully simulate high-resolution stratospheric spectra obtained from a balloon flight of the FIRS-2 spectrometer. The more general problem of the rotation-vibration database and the optimal use of both microwave and infrared data to define it is discussed. It is concluded that it is best if the combination of data takes place at the level of the original spectra.     

Analysis of the hot bands in the 2ν9 band region of propyne-d3

The rovibrational spectrum of 2ν₉ band of CD₃CCH is overlapped by two prominent hot bands identified as (2ν₉⁰+ν₁₀^±1)(E)←ν₁₀^±1(E) and 3ν₉^±1(E)←ν₉^±1(E), where ν₁₀ and ν₉ are the degenerate CCC and CCH bending fundamental vibrations, respectively. Assignment of lines to the transitions of these hot bands were carried out with the help of the high-resolution spectra recorded at ∼195 K and at room temperature. Molecular parameters for these hot bands have been obtained from the rotational analysis of the partially resolved K-structure lines. Only Q-head of the third hot band , originating from the lower 2ν₁₀ state could be identified.     

A novel electron scattering apparatus combining a laser photoelectron source and a triply differentially pumped supersonic beam target: characterization and results for the resonance

A novel electron scattering apparatus for high resolution studies of angle-differential elastic and inelastic electron scattering from atoms and molecules in the gas phase is described and its performance characterized. It combines a laser photoelectron source, a triply differentially pumped collimated supersonic beam target (half angle 0.015 rad, background to beam density ratio < 0.01), and several electron multipliers for simultaneous detection of elastically scattered electrons and metastable atoms (or molecules) due to inelastic scattering. In detailed test measurements of the yield for the production of metastable He^*(2³S₁) atoms around its threshold, the dependence of the overall energy width on various experimental parameters has been investigated. So far a resolution down to 7 meV (FWHM) has been obtained. Under such conditions we have investigated the profile of the He^- (1 s 2 s ^{2 2} S _1/2 ) resonance at the scattering angles 22 ^° , 45 ^° , and 90 ^° . From a consistent fit of the measured profiles by resonant scattering theory we determine a new value for the resonance energy ( E _r = 19.365(1) eV) and an accurate resonance width ( Γ = 11.2(5) meV). These results are consistent with the previously recommended values. Received 23 July 2002 Published online 29 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: hotop@physik.uni-kl.de RID="b" ID="b"Permanent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA.     

Direct alpha spectrometry for characterising hot particle properties

Non-destructive analysis methods, especially direct alpha spectrometry but also gamma ray spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were applied to a nuclear bomb particle from the Thule accident. The use of high-resolution direct alpha spectrometry with the aid of Monte Carlo simulations was demonstrated here in order to determine the properties of this particle. In general, the information that can be obtained through direct alpha spectrometry depends on the information available a priori. For example, known elemental composition makes the assessment of particle dimensions possible even if scanning electron microscopy images are unavailable. Although direct alpha spectrometry may be applied for particle characterisation, further developments in spectrum analysis tools are necessary.     

Low-energy electron scattering from copper

Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of electrons from the ground states of copper for the configuration 3d¹⁰ 4s and the excitation state ²D with the configuration 3d⁹ 4s² have been calculated. Local density approximations to the exchange and correlation potentials have been used in these calculations, and it is confirmed that Hara exchange coupled with a Hedin-Lundqvist electron-gas-type correlation potential joined to an adiabatic polarization potential gives good predictions for differential cross sections. A comparison of the calculated results with other experimental and theoretical data are presented and discussed.     

Conduction of Strongly Coupled Electrons Through Narrow Channels on Liquid Helium Surface: Simulation

The conduction of electrons through narrow channels formed on the surface of liquid helium is analyzed by numerical simulations. It is shown that, when electrons are strongly coupled, we have nonlinear and even negative dependence of conductance on the width of the constriction which is controlled by the gate voltage (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Intermodulation of transverse magnetoresistance oscillations in structures with strong intersubband interaction

In the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation spectrum of doped InAs/AlSb structures, high-amplitude peaks are established at combination frequencies. It is demonstrated that they are caused by a significant contribution of intersubband scattering to the processes of electron-electron interaction. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 32–38, December, 2008.     

Hot embossing of PTFE: Towards superhydrophobic surfaces

Three types of reusable stamps with features in the form of 2D arrays of pits having lateral dimensions in the range of 2-80 μm and heights of 1.5-15 μm were successfully employed for the hot embossing of PTFE at temperatures up to 50 °C above the glass transition temperature of PTFE amorphous phase. Due to the softening of PTFE at the temperatures used in this study, we were able to decrease imprint pressure significantly when comparing with the imprint conditions reported by other authors. Impact of the imprint temperature, pressure and time on the fidelity of pattern transfer as well as on water repellency was tested. The best results of embossing were achieved by applying pressure of 10 kg/cm² for 2 min at 170 °C. In this case, flattening of a natural PTFE roughness and pretty accurate deep replicas of the stamp patterns were observable on the whole imprinted area. Improvement in water repellency was largest for the samples imprinted by Ni stamp patterned with a 2D array of 2 μm square pits spaced by the same dimension and having a depth of 1.5 μm. Cassie-Baxter wetting regime was observed for the deepest imprints with water contact angles up to the superhydrophobic limit.     

Surface texturing of polytetrafluoroethylene by hot embossing

In this study, hot embossing by reusable Ni mold with features in the form of rectangular diffraction gratings of 4 μm period was successfully employed for surface texturing of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film above the glass transition temperature of PTFE amorphous phase with the aim to enhance surface hydrophobicity. Imprint pressure was set to 0.5 MPa and it was at least tenfold lower than reported by other authors using cold stamping. Embossed gratings were clearly seen on the surface of all imprinted samples even after the annealing at 140 °C and aging for 1 month at room temperature. The best results were achieved when imprint temperature was 150 °C. Measurements of the water contact angle on imprinted PTFE surfaces have showed that increase of the average contact angle for the current test setup was 8°. Using imprint stamp with the more favorable features may lead to somewhat higher hydrophobicity.