Morphostructural analysis of the male reproductive system and DNA barcoding in Balclutha brevis Lindberg 1954 (Homoptera,Cicadellidae)

Balclutha brevis Lindberg 1954 is an allochthonous leafhopper infesting an invasive grass, Pennisetum setaceum, in Sicily and in mainland Europe; therefore, this species could compete with populations of native species, thus contributing to the loss of biodiversity. Considering the ecological implications of B. brevis, investigations on all its biological aspects represent, therefore, a premise for further studies in applied sciences. Based on the lacking ultrastructural data about the reproductive systems of the Auchenorrhyncha, we carried out morphostructural investigations on the male reproductive system of B. brevis. Further, a first report of DNA barcoding analysis (amplification and sequencing of Cytochrome Oxidase I gene) has also been performed to characterize B. brevis compared to other congeneric species. From a morphological point of view, the male reproductive system of B. brevis has an organization comparable to the general anatomical features of most of the Auchenorrhyncha species; however, comparing our data with those concerning the different groups of Cicadomorpha, some considerations are discussed. As for the histological and ultrastructural investigations, our results show a secretory activity of the various examined structures, mainly in the lateral ejaculatory ducts and in the accessory glands. The latter, in particular, show morphostructural differences comparing the distal tract to the proximal one; moreover, the histochemical techniques showed the possible presence of a lipid component in the peculiar cytoplasmic granules found in the gland cells. The significance of these findings in the accessory glands is discussed. Finally, the ultrastructural features found in the seminal vesicles are different from those of the lateral ejaculatory ducts and are indicative of the different roles played by these structures in the organization of the spermatozoa bundles.     

基于滑动元法的连续拉索滑移分析

实际工程中,拉索在索撑节点处滑移十分普遍。考虑滑移的影响,索撑节点不能简单地用铰接模拟。现有的拉索滑移分析方法往往需要迭代,计算过程复杂且收敛性无法保证。本文提出一种拉索滑移分析新方法——滑动元法,以预应力鱼腹梁为例进行理论推导,介绍了滑动元法的基本原理和计算步骤。结合有限元软件,利用滑动元法对算例进行计算分析,结果表明,滑动元法计算快速无需迭代,可以较为准确地分析拉索滑移。     

The intermediate layer: A morphologic study of the elastin and hyaluronic acid constituents of normal human vocal folds

The lamina propria of vocal folds are important in voice production. We evaluated the morphologic features of elastin and hyaluronic acid, two important constituents of the lamina propria. Thirty normal human vocal folds were obtained from patients dying of traumatic causes without vocal fold injury. These tissues were immediately prepared for histologic and ultrastructural examination by standard methods. For specific study of the ultrastructure of the layers of the lamina propria, six vocal folds were divided horizontally through the midplane of the lamina propria. We found that the elastin composition of the vocal folds is variable, the largest amount being seen in the midportion on elastin-van Gieson (EVG) staining and ultrastructural evaluation. The superficial layer of the lamina propria contains fewer large elastin fibers. In this region, we found that elastin was predominantly composed of elaunin and oxytalan, which stain poorly with EVG. Using computer-assisted image analysis, we quantified the differences in elastin composition between the layers. The amount of elastin varied between men and women, and these differences could not be accurately measured by the methods employed. Hyaluronic acid was abundant especially in the midportion of the lamina propria and was significantly more abundant in men than women on quantification. The significance of these observations in normal vocal folds is discussed.     

关于分压电路的讨论

本文对滑线变阻器作分压电路时出现的现象作定量的分析。     

基于RNA杂交的马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒检测芯片

报道了一种检测植物类病毒RNA的新方法——RNA杂交芯片技术, 即将cDNA芯片技术与RNA斑点杂交技术相结合, 将马铃薯样品的总RNA直接固定在玻片上, 用荧光标记制备检测马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒(PSTVd)的特异探针, 探针与芯片杂交后分析杂交信号以确定相应的样品有无PSTVd侵染. 参照膜杂交的方法, 确定了RNA芯片的制备条件, 并用以检测了马铃薯样品的PSTVd侵染情况, 检测结果与RT-PCR结果相符, 阳性产物经克隆测序证实为PSTVd.     

一类受扰混沌系统的自适应滑模控制

针对受扰混沌系统,在参数未知的情形下利用自适应滑模控制法实现了驱动系统和响应系统的鲁棒同步. 该方法几乎适用于所有的混沌系统,且无需知道系统外部干扰的上界,它由自适应控制律实现. 以双涡卷系统、Lorenz系统、Rssler超混沌系统为例,说明该方法的有效性和正确性. 关键词： 混沌同步 滑模面 到达条件 自适应滑模控制     

Edge dislocations generated from blunt crack tip in viscoelastic material under residual stress

The 2D model of edge dislocations generation from blunt crack tip in viscoelastic material under residual stress has been proposed, the solution of stress field and displacement field are solved by using complex potential method, conformal mapping and Laplace inverse transformation. The explicit expressions of stress intensity factor, strain energy density and crack tip slide displacement are obtained in closed form. The principle of compatibility of blunt crack to edge dislocations has been used to evaluate the dislocations number and dimensionless ratio α. Numerical results present that the number of edge dislocations first increases and then decreases with increase of zone size ratio of the dislocations zone and none-dislocations zone, but it can be reduced by higher configurations ratio of semi-minor axis and semi-major axis. In addition, it increases with time and tends to be a constant quickly. The normalized multiplier α first increases and then decreases with increase of zone size ratio. In addition, it decreases with time and the increase of crack configurations ratio. Both normalized micro-volume SED and normalized dislocation-volume SED decrease with increase of distance from crack tip and tend to vanish. But the dislocation-volume SED decreases more quickly than micro-volume SED does, because of its stronger singularity. Moreover, they increase with time and decrease of configurations ratio.     

弹性地基梁理论在锚索抗滑桩计算中的应用

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针对目前锚索抗滑桩的内力计算通常未考虑滑面以上桩身与岩土体的相互作用关系,而将滑面以上桩身按一般静力结构或有限次超静定结构计算的现状。本文根据弹性地基梁理论,考虑锚索与桩的变形协调,将初参数法运用到锚索抗滑桩的计算中,通过选取合理的初参数作为未知量,得到了锚索拉力以及桩身内力的计算过程。并结合皖南地区某处产生滑移弯曲变形的顺层滑坡治理工程进行了分析,与传统方法计算结果相比,本方法所得内力值较大,偏于安全,桩身内力分布规律与传统方法所得结果较吻合。
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双层结构岩质边坡的滑带扰动厚度计算方法研究

双层结构岩质边坡进行稳定性评价通常可以实现,但合理确定滑体引起的滑带扰动厚度却比较困难。根据能量法原理,可以推导得出上部硬岩滑体的能量法稳定系数上限解计算公式。进一步按照能量平衡方程,综合考虑滑体、滑带在重力作用下所做的外力功率,以及滑带产生的内能耗散,推导得到了计算滑带扰动厚度的解析公式。在分析典型算例基础上,提出了滑带扰动分带的概念,并将滑带按照扰动程度分为剧扰动带、强扰动带、中等扰动带、弱扰动带和微扰动带。对于双层结构的岩质边坡进行加固治理时,其治理的深度范围应该大于微扰动带的底面。     

抗滑桩设计推力计算方法研究

滑坡推力是抗滑桩设计推力的重要依据,工程中通常使用剩余推力法来计算滑坡推力。为了比较准确合理地计算出抗滑桩的设计推力,提出了在剩余推力法基础上的一种新的抗滑桩设计推力取值方法。分析极限平衡状态下和工程安全要求下各条块的剩余下滑力,选择合理的桩位,使得抗滑桩位于滑坡体的抗滑段;然后调整桩后滑体的剩余下滑力,其调整量一方面保证桩前桩后滑体满足工程安全要求,另一方面则作为抗滑桩设计推力的修正依据,其过程由程序实现。通过实例证明了该方法的合理性。同时对今后抗滑桩设计推力的合理取值提供了参考作用。