顺斜向坡变形破坏特征研究

本文通过对黄河上游某水电站坝前坝后顺斜向坡变形破坏特征的分析,提出了顺斜向坡的变形破坏类型分类,并对边坡产生旋转滑移破坏的临界条件作了分析。     

关于定向爆破筑坝中抛掷和滑移效应的分析

本文分析了我国几个主要定向爆破筑坝工程中的抛掷效应和滑移效应,得到在定向爆破筑坝的成坝因素中,两者是同等重要的,单靠一个因素很难成坝。     

导弹发射装置滑轨表面MoS2干膜防护高温高速两相燃气流应用研究

选用多种MoS2干膜润滑材料，对滑轨式武器发射系统的高能有烟发动机两相燃气流高温烧蚀、熔融残渣的高速热冲蚀以及粘渣-烧蚀耦合破坏作用进行有效的润滑和防护试验，分析了烧粘现象和残渣组成，采用发动机试车台模拟试验及国军标环境条件试验评估了多种MoS2干膜润滑材料的防护特性．结果表明：国产MoS2干膜防护涂层兼有一定的润滑及防腐蚀功能，能显著改善滑轨表面的润滑性能和抑制高温高速燃气流的烧粘-腐蚀破坏作用；滑轨表面烧粘-腐蚀程度与发动机推进剂的铝粉性质及含量(残渣量)直接相关，各种防护涂层的主要破坏形式为烧蚀、热冲蚀以及粘渣破坏，由于残渣含腐蚀物，有必要在烧粘后及时清洗并施行二次防护，其中热固型MoS2干膜的防护性能优于常温固化型MoS2干膜，但由于燃气严重的热冲蚀，还需采用常温快速固化的MoS2干膜进行现场修补．     

车辆集电滑动部件自润滑耐磨材料的研究

目前，国内普遍使用的城市电车石墨滑靴的运行寿命只有两周左右，而且雨雪天气的运行寿命更短；电力机车受电弓石墨滑板的运行寿命仅为数百公里。针对这种情况，将电接触部件的干式润滑法与湿式润滑法结合起来，通过粉末冶金法研制出ＭＳＬＯ－Ⅰ和ＭＳＬＯ－Ⅱ两种金属－固体润滑剂复合含油材料。测试结果表明，ＭＳＬＯ系列材料的摩擦系数、磨损率和电阻率都比滑靴石墨材料和现用受电弓滑板材料的低。利用ＭＳＬＯ－Ⅰ和ＭＳＬＯ－Ⅱ材料分别制成的电车滑靴和电力机车受电弓滑板之行车试验结果表明，ＭＳＬＯ－Ⅰ滑靴的运行寿命比石墨滑靴的高１０倍左右，而两者对架空铜线的磨损却基本相当；ＭＳＬＯ－Ⅱ滑板的运行寿命比现用受电弓滑板的高一倍以上，因此，ＭＳＬＯ系列材料在城市电车和电力机车上具有良好的应用前景。     

NIR‐Raman spectrum and DFT calculations of okadaic acid DSP marine biotoxin microprobe

Commercially available diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) marine toxins are limited to micrograms samples invisible to the naked eye or in small amounts of micromole concentration solutions that are not suitable for normal Raman spectroscopy. As the Raman‐derived techniques are increasingly employed in various detection schemes of harmful substances, Raman spectra of the target compounds are essential for molecular recognition, detection and sensing reasons. Using a new μ‐RIM™ stainless steel hydrophobic substrate, we recorded near‐infrared micro‐Raman spectrum of okadaic acid (OA), a DSP marine biotoxin from 75 µg recrystallized toxin after drop coating deposition. Excitation with the 785‐nm line allowed the recovery and assembling of the Raman spectrum over the 100–3200 cm⁻¹ spectral range on several OA microparticles, while the 532‐nm line excited the fluorescence emission that hampered the Raman signal. Density functional theory calculations were conducted on the isolated species both in gas phase and in ethanol solution to accurately assess and interpret the experimentally observed Raman bands. A good correlation between the experimental and theoretical Raman bands allowed for a reliable vibrational Raman assignment. Owing to the molecular geometry with intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the CC conjugated systems together with the methyl groups exhibited dominant OA Raman bands. Unlike domoic acid, an amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin whose carboxyl group showed the most intense Raman band, OA Raman characteristic band was not assigned to carboxyl group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural Versatility in Slide‐Ring Gels: Influence of Co‐Threaded Cyclodextrin Spacers

We describe a one‐pot strategy for the fabrication of novel slide‐ring (SR) gels based on supramolecular polyrotaxane structures with cyclodextrin‐derived cross‐links and additional free cyclodextrin ring spacers co‐threaded onto the polymer backbones. Photoinitiated thiol‐yne click coupling leads to facile hydrogel fabrication from pseudo‐polyrotaxanes prepared in situ from β‐cyclodextrin derivatives and bifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG). The obtained SR gels were characterized by NMR spectroscopy using a polyrotaxane model compound with the ratio of cyclodextrin sliding spacers to PEG backbone controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of the starting materials. This structural tuning leads to dramatic changes in the rheological properties, mechanical properties, and swelling behavior of the SR gels. In addition, the coupling of simple synthetic procedures with enhanced properties offers a versatile approach to novel elastomeric materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 55, 1156–1165     

Characterization of chronic vocal fold scarring in a rabbit model

The purpose of the current study was to assess the histologic and rheologic properties of the scarred vocal fold lamina propria during a chronic phase of wound repair in a rabbit model. Eighteen rabbit larynges were scarred using a procedure that involved stripping the vocal fold lamina propria down to the thyroarytenoid muscle, using 3-mm microforceps. The approximate dimension of injury to the vocal fold was 3 x 1.5 x 0.5 mm [length x width x depth]. At 6 months postoperatively, histologic analysis of the scarred and control lamina propria in eight of these rabbits was completed for collagen, procollagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. Compared with control samples, scarred tissue samples revealed fragmented and disorganized elastin fibers. Additionally, collagen was significantly increased, organized, and formed thick bundles in the scarred vocal fold lamina propria. Measurements of the viscoelastic shear properties of the scarred and control lamina propria in the remaining 10 rabbits revealed increased elastic shear modulus (G') in 8 of 10 scarred samples and increased dynamic viscosity (eta') in 9 of 10 scarred samples. Although rheologic differences were not statistically significant, they revealed that on average, scarred samples were stiffer and more viscous than the normal controls. Histologic data are interpreted as indicating that by 6 months postinjury, the scarred rabbit vocal fold has reached a mature phase of wound repair, characterized by an increased, organized, and thick bundle collagen matrix. Rheologic data are interpreted as providing support for the potential role of increased, thick bundle collagen, and a disorganized elastin network on shear stiffness and dynamic viscosity in the chronic vocal fold scar. Based on these results, a 6-month postoperative time frame is proposed for future studies of chronic vocal fold scarring using the rabbit animal model.     

Active inflammation increases the heterogeneity of MRI texture in mice with relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Inflammation modulates tissue damage in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) both acutely and chronically, but its severity is difficult to evaluate with conventional MRI analysis. In mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE, a model of MS), we administered ultra small particles of iron oxide to track macrophage-mediated inflammation during the onset (relapse) and recovery (remission) of disease activity using high field MRI. We performed MRI texture analysis, a sensitive measure of tissue regularity, and T2 assessment both in EAE lesions and the control tissue, and measured spinal cord volume. We found that inflammation was 3 times more remarkable at onset than at recovery of EAE in histology yet demyelination appeared similar across animals and disease course. In MRI, lesion texture was more heterogeneous; T2 was lower; and spinal cord volume was greater in EAE than in controls, but only MRI texture was worse at relapse than at remission of EAE. Moreover, MRI texture correlated with spinal cord volume and tended to correlate with the extent of disability in EAE. While subject to further confirmation, our findings may suggest the sensitivity of MRI texture analysis for accessing inflammation.     

Direct profiling of myelinated and demyelinated regions in mouse brain by imaging mass spectrometry

One of the newly developed imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) technologies utilizes matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to map proteins in thin tissue sections. In this study, we evaluated the power of MALDI IMS as we developed it in our (Bruker) MALDI TOF (Reflex IV) and TOF-TOF (Ultraflex II) systems to study myelin patterns in the mouse central nervous system under normal and pathological conditions. MALDI IMS was applied to assess myelin basic protein (MBP) isoform-specific profiles in different regions throughout the mouse brain. The distribution of ions of m/z 14,144 and 18,447 displayed a striking resemblance with white matter histology and were identified as MBP isoform 8 and 5, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated a significant reduction of the MBP-8 peak intensity upon MALDI IMS analysis of focal ethidium bromide-induced demyelinated brain areas. Our MS images were validated by immunohistochemistry using MBP antibodies. This study underscores the potential of MALDI IMS to study the contribution of MBP to demyelinating diseases.