二次包覆法制备煤沥青基硅/碳复合物及其锂离子电池性能

本文采用市售纳米硅为硅源,以软化点低、得碳率高、价格便宜的煤沥青作为碳源,通过两步包覆法制备了煤沥青基硅/碳(Si/C/C)复合物,并研究其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。 结果表明,所得复合物的粒径在300~350 nm间,Si纳米粒子被C包覆并相互连结成C-Si-C网络结构,其中Si含量为27%的硅/碳复合物(Si/C/C-27%)作为锂电池电极材料表现了良好的储锂性能。 在0.1 A/g的小电流密度下,Si/C/C-27%的放电比容量为1281 mA·h/g;在3 A/g的大电流密度下,其放电比容量仍能保持在582 mA·h/g,表现了良好的倍率性能。Si/C/C-27%在2 A/g的电流密度下经过100次的循环后其比容量保持率为76.61%,表现了良好的循环稳定性。 相比于煤沥青基碳的一次包覆所得的硅/碳复合材料(Si/C),Si/C/C有效提高了Si纳米粒子的导电性并抑制了其在嵌锂和脱锂过程中的体积膨胀。 本文提出的二次包覆的新方法为制备具有优异电化学性能的锂离子电池负极材料提供了新的研究思路。     

SO 2 sorption properties of fly ash zeolites

In the presented study, the sulfur dioxide sorption properties of fly ash zeolite X were investigated. Sorption tests were performed on fly ash zeolite samples that were not prepared specially for sorption, in addition to dried samples and samples in the presence of water vapor. The samples saturated with water vapor showed the highest sorption capacity. The sorption capacity of the samples additionally dried prior to the sorption experiment was higher than that of the samples that were not specially prepared for the sorption test. Regeneration tests indicated relatively good regeneration properties. The obtained results were described with the use of Langmuir, Sips, and Dubinin–Astakhov models, with the Dubinin–Astakhov model providing the best fit.     

Molecular Simulation on Competitive Adsorption Differences of Gas with Different Pore Sizes in Coal

Micropores are the primary sites for methane occurrence in coal. Studying the regularity of methane occurrence in micropores is significant for targeted displacement and other yield-increasing measures in the future. This study used simplified graphene sheets as pore walls to construct coal-structural models with pore sizes of 1 nm, 2 nm, and 4 nm. Based on the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics theory, we simulated the adsorption characteristics of methane in pores of different sizes. The results showed that the adsorption capacity was positively correlated with the pore size for pure gas adsorption. The adsorption capacity increased with pressure and pore size for competitive adsorption of binary mixtures in pores. As the average isosteric heat decreased, the interaction between the gas and the pore wall weakened, and the desorption amount of CH₄ decreased. In ultramicropores, the high concentration of CO₂ (50–70%) is more conducive to CH₄ desorption; however, when the CO₂ concentration is greater than 70%, the corresponding CH₄ adsorption amount is meager, and the selected adsorption coefficient S_CO2/CH4 is small. Therefore, to achieve effective desorption of methane in coal micropores, relatively low pressure (4–6 MPa) and a relatively low CO₂ concentration (50–70%) should be selected in the process of increasing methane production by CO₂ injection in later stages. These research results provide theoretical support for gas injection to promote CH₄ desorption in coal pores and to increase yield.     

1H-NMR and LC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Irrigated with Fly Ash Treated Acid Mine Drainage

¹H NMR and LC-MS, commonly used metabolomics analytical platforms, were used to annotate the metabolites found in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) irrigated with four different treatments based on FA to AMD ratios, namely: control (0% AMD; tap water), 1:1 (50% AMD), 3:1 (75% AMD is 75% FA: AMD), and 100% AMD (untreated). The effects of stress on plants were illustrated by the primary metabolite shifts in the region from δ_H 0.0 to δ_H 4.0 and secondary metabolites peaks were prominent in the region ranging from δ_H 4.5 to δ_H 8.0. The 1:3 irrigation treatment enabled, in two potato cultivars, the production of significantly high concentrations of secondary metabolites due to the 75% FA: AMD content in the irrigation mixture, which induced stress. The findings suggested that 1:1 irrigation treatment induced production of lower amounts of secondary metabolites in all crops compared to crops irrigated with untreated acid mine drainage treatment and with other FA-treated AMD solutions.     

Novel Foaming-Agent Free Insulating Geopolymer Based on Industrial Fly Ash and Rice Husk

This study highlights the synthesis of a new thermal insulating geopolymer based on the alkaline activation of fly ashes. A porous geopolymer material can be prepared without the addition of a foaming agent, using high ratio solution/ashes (activating solutions used are water, sodium or potassium hydroxide). In order to increase the porosity of the material and to make it more ecological, rice husks are incorporated into the formulation. The geopolymer materials were prepared at room temperature and dried at moderate temperature (105 °C) by a simple procedure. The microstructural characteristics of these new porous geopolymers were assessed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the geopolymerisation. The effect of the ratio solution/ashes and the percentage of the rice husk addition on thermal and mechanical analysis was evaluated. An insulating material for a solution/ashes ratio of 0.9 and a rice husk content of 15% having a λ value of 0.087 W/(m·K), a porosity of 61.4% and an Rc value of 0.1 MPa was successfully prepared.     

A New Protocol for Ash Wood Modification: Synthesis of Hydrophobic and Antibacterial Brushes from the Wood Surface

The article presents the modification of ash wood via surface initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization mediated by elemental silver (Ag⁰ SI-ARGET ATRP) at a diminished catalyst concentration. Ash wood is functionalized with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) to yield wood grafted with PMMA-b-PDMAEMA-Br copolymers with hydrophobic and antibacterial properties. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the covalent incorporation of functional ATRP initiation sites and polymer chains into the wood structure. The polymerization kinetics was followed by the analysis of the polymer grown in solution from the sacrificial initiator by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polymer layer covalently attached to the wood surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobic properties of hybrid materials were confirmed by water contact angle measurements. Water and sodium chloride salt aqueous solution uptake tests confirmed a significant improvement in resistance to the absorption of wood samples after modification with polymers. Antibacterial tests revealed that wood-QPDMAEMA-Br, as well as wood-PMMA-b-QPDMAEMA-Br, exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The paper presents an economic concept with ecological aspects of improving wood properties, which gives great opportunities to use the proposed approach in the production of functional hybrid materials for industry and high quality sports equipment, and in furniture production.     

循环流化床粉煤灰可控制备高纯F型八面沸石研究

利用粉煤灰制备沸石分子筛是其高值化利用的重要方向之一.以循环流化床粉煤灰为原料,采用酸浸预处理-氢氧化钠碱熔活化-水热晶化法制备F型八面沸石,并用于吸附亚甲基蓝.考察酸浸温度、碱熔温度及碱灰质量比对粉煤灰结构的影响及碱熔温度、碱灰质量比、液固比及晶化时间对沸石的结构和形貌的影响.通过XRD和SEM对粉煤灰沸石的晶体结构和形貌进行表征.结果表明,利用循环流化床粉煤灰制备高纯F型八面沸石适宜条件为碱熔温度550℃,碱灰质量比1.5:1,液固比12 mL/g,晶体导向剂用量10;,晶化温度100℃,晶化时间20 h.其比表面积高达357 m2/g,且对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量高达178 mg/g.     

胡椒基荧光酮光度法测定粉煤灰中微量镓

在表面活性剂OP存在下,镓与胡椒基荧光酮(PIF)在pH 6.0 HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中形成蓝紫色配合物,其表观摩尔吸光系数为8.51×104L.mol-1.cm-1,最大吸收波长为568 nm,配合物的组成比为n(Ga(Ⅲ))∶n(PIF)=1∶4。镓质量浓度在0~0.5μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,镓(Ⅲ)的标准加入回收率在96.5%~102.1%之间。结合乙酸丁酯萃取分离干扰元素,用于测定粉煤灰中微量镓。     

偏最小二乘法结合傅里叶变换红外漫反射光谱快速测定煤质

发热量、挥发分和灰分等是衡量煤质的质量指标。通常,烟煤的发热量、挥发分和灰分是按行业标准方法[1]分别进行测定的,操作过程繁琐,速度慢,且费用高。随着化学计量学多元校正方法的发展与广泛应用,董庆年采用最小二乘法结合红外光谱成功测定了灰分[2];而应用偏最小二乘法[3](P