灰中酸性成分对灰熔融温度的影响

搜集并统计了世界129种典型煤种、城市污水污泥及污泥/煤混烧灰样的灰成分及灰熔融特征温度等相关数据,研究灰中酸性成分SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2和P2O5对灰熔融特性的影响。结果表明,Al2O3是决定灰熔点的主要因素,酸性金属氧化物SiO2、Al2O3和TiO2形成的耐熔矿物质石英、偏高岭石、莫来石、金红石等可提高灰熔点。非金属氧化物P2O5与污泥和污泥/煤的灰熔点FT二次拟合很好且明显降低熔点,污泥灰中P2O5含量显著高于煤灰是导致其熔点明显低于煤的重要原因。     

FT-IR和SEM用于煤阶对煤催化加氢气化影响的研究

基于加压固定床反应器研究了不同煤阶的煤催化加氢气化效果,对比了煤阶对催化剂添加量、甲烷释放速率以及产品气组成的影响。原煤及气化残渣采用FT-IR和SEM进行表征分析。研究结果表明,不添加催化剂情况下,随着煤阶的升高原煤气化反应性降低,低阶煤的甲烷释放分为两个阶段;加入催化剂之后,3种煤中以神府烟煤的反应性最好,遵义无烟煤和云南褐煤反应性较差。SEM和FT-IR表征结果表明,高阶煤颗粒表面更加光滑、煤结构致密,而煤中的脂肪族结构以及芳香结构振动峰强度随煤阶的降低而升高,催化剂的加入使得脂肪结构吸收峰明显加强。这些差异导致不同煤样催化加氢气化反应活性不同。     

Synthesis of dual pH- and temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/sewage sludge ash hydrogel with the simultaneously high performance of swelling and deswelling

An advanced dual pH- and temperature-sensitive hydrogel (NASH2.5) was optimally synthesized through modification of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) hydrogel with introducing 5 mol% acrylic acid (AA) and 2.5 wt% sewage sludge ash (SSA). The swelling kinetic results showed that NASH2.5 exhibited both high equilibrium swelling ratio and swelling rate, which was attributed to the higher porous structure as shown in scanning electron microscope, and the more hydrogen bonding formed inside of the hydrogel as investigated in Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. In addition, its curve was better fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the water absorption process was dominated by chemisorption through forming the hydrogen bonding among the water molecules and carboxyl/silanol groups of the hydrogel. Compared with the pure NIPAM hydrogel, the water transport mechanism switched from Case I diffusion to Case II diffusion by introduction of AA and further SSA. Furthermore, through the results of the deswelling kinetics in pH value change (from 9 to 4 and 2, respectively), temperature value change (from 25 to 40, 50, and 60°C, respectively), and dual pH and temperature values changes, NASH2.5 not only presented a high pH sensitivity, but also showed high sensitive to temperature by achieving high water recovery ratio in rapid dehydrated rate. Therefore, the dual stimuli-sensitive hydrogel with the simultaneously high performance of swelling and deswelling would provide a suitable alternative for specific applications such as pollutant adsorption.     

A Volatile Lactone of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus,Pathogen of European Ash Dieback,Inhibits Host Germination

The largely unknown secondary metabolism of the plant pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus was investigated by use of the CLSA method. A set of volatile lactones was identified by GC/MS. The lactones were synthesized and used in bioassays in which one of the compounds was found to be a strong germination inhibitor for ash seeds, causing necroses in the plant tissue.     

Impact of titanate coupling agent on properties of high density polyethylene composite filled with coal gangue

In this study, surface modification of coal gangue (CG) was performed with titanate coupling agent 201 (isopropyl tri(dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate), and the effects of surface modifier on mechanical properties and thermal stability of high-density polyethylene filled with CG (HDPE/CG) and high-density polyethylene filled with modified CG (HDPE/mCG) composites were investigated. The coupling agent was successfully grafted on CG surface through chemical reaction according to the analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the coupling agent can effectively enhance the hydrophobicity of surface that was verified by water contact angle beyond 90° of modified CG sample. With the introduction of coupling agent, some enhancements of tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength were observed in HDPE/mCG compared with HDPE/CG, due to the improved compatibility between mCG fillers and matrix. The increased storage modulus and decreased loss factor of HDPE/mCG composite further confirm the stronger interface adhesion after modification. Moreover, it is found that titanate coupling agent 201 can improve the thermal stability of HDPE/mCG composite to some extent.     

石灰岩对褐煤模拟地下气化残焦物化性质的影响

基于煤炭地下气化过程中石灰岩可能影响煤焦的组成和结构,借助煤炭地下气化模拟实验系统对不同石灰岩掺量(质量分数为0-30%)的褐煤进行水蒸气气化,并采用低温N_2吸附-脱附、XRD和FT-IR等分析手段研究石灰岩对褐煤模拟地下气化残焦的组成、比表面积及孔结构特征、微晶结构和表面官能团等物理化学性质的影响。结果表明,石灰岩对煤焦的元素组成有较大影响。石灰岩可促使煤焦中的微孔向中孔发育,增大煤焦的比表面积和孔容积;当石灰岩掺量从0增加到30%时,煤焦的比表面积增大21.91%,介孔率增加21.49个百分点。XRD分析表明,钙的存在破坏煤焦的芳香结构,使煤焦无序化程度增加,晶面间距(d_(002))增大,抑制煤焦的石墨化发展倾向。FT-IR分析表明,石灰岩存在下,煤焦的羟基官能团减少。     

二次包覆法制备煤沥青基硅/碳复合物及其锂离子电池性能

本文采用市售纳米硅为硅源,以软化点低、得碳率高、价格便宜的煤沥青作为碳源,通过两步包覆法制备了煤沥青基硅/碳(Si/C/C)复合物,并研究其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。 结果表明,所得复合物的粒径在300~350 nm间,Si纳米粒子被C包覆并相互连结成C-Si-C网络结构,其中Si含量为27%的硅/碳复合物(Si/C/C-27%)作为锂电池电极材料表现了良好的储锂性能。 在0.1 A/g的小电流密度下,Si/C/C-27%的放电比容量为1281 mA·h/g;在3 A/g的大电流密度下,其放电比容量仍能保持在582 mA·h/g,表现了良好的倍率性能。Si/C/C-27%在2 A/g的电流密度下经过100次的循环后其比容量保持率为76.61%,表现了良好的循环稳定性。 相比于煤沥青基碳的一次包覆所得的硅/碳复合材料(Si/C),Si/C/C有效提高了Si纳米粒子的导电性并抑制了其在嵌锂和脱锂过程中的体积膨胀。 本文提出的二次包覆的新方法为制备具有优异电化学性能的锂离子电池负极材料提供了新的研究思路。     

SO 2 sorption properties of fly ash zeolites

In the presented study, the sulfur dioxide sorption properties of fly ash zeolite X were investigated. Sorption tests were performed on fly ash zeolite samples that were not prepared specially for sorption, in addition to dried samples and samples in the presence of water vapor. The samples saturated with water vapor showed the highest sorption capacity. The sorption capacity of the samples additionally dried prior to the sorption experiment was higher than that of the samples that were not specially prepared for the sorption test. Regeneration tests indicated relatively good regeneration properties. The obtained results were described with the use of Langmuir, Sips, and Dubinin–Astakhov models, with the Dubinin–Astakhov model providing the best fit.     

偏最小二乘法结合傅里叶变换红外漫反射光谱快速测定煤质

发热量、挥发分和灰分等是衡量煤质的质量指标。通常,烟煤的发热量、挥发分和灰分是按行业标准方法[1]分别进行测定的,操作过程繁琐,速度慢,且费用高。随着化学计量学多元校正方法的发展与广泛应用,董庆年采用最小二乘法结合红外光谱成功测定了灰分[2];而应用偏最小二乘法[3](P     

基于简单碰撞理论煤粉燃烧动力学模型的研究-PART Ⅲ:氧气可达比表面积

根据不同温度下氧分子平均自由程的大小,比较了小孔、中孔和大孔中三种扩散速率与煤焦表面燃烧速度的大小.研究表明2000 K以内,颗粒表面分子扩散速率比氧化反应速率大1个数量级以上,过度扩散速率不小于氧化速率.温度小于1200K时,燃烧速率比Knudsen扩散速率小1～5个数量级,扩散孔径小于15～28 nm,反应主要在内外表面进行;1200～1600K时,燃烧速率与Knudsen扩散速率相当,扩散临界孔径28～38 nm,反应在外表面及浅层内表面进行;温度1600K以上时,Knudsen扩散速率比燃烧速率小1个数量级,孔径38～50 nm以下内表面上碳的氧化速度受扩散控制.煤焦的氧化主要发生在Knudsen扩散临界孔径10～50 nm以上的氧气可达表面上.