大功率限幅器的研制

介绍了一种L波段大功率限幅器的研制情况,该限幅器具有体积小、插入损耗小、输入承受功率高及限幅输出电平低等特点。文中给出了限幅二极管在高/低输入信号电平时的等效电路以及同轴滤波器的设计分析过程。实验测试结果表明,限幅器完全达到技术指标要求。     

Structural characterisation of Sb-based heterostructures by X-ray scattering methods

Antimonide-based superlattices dedicated to the elaboration of opto-electronic devices have been studied by X-ray scattering techniques. In particular, specular and non-specular X-ray reflectometry experiments have been performed on two MBE-samples elaborated with different shutter sequences at the interfaces. The results have shown a limitation of the incorporation of Sb species in the subsequent InAs layer for one of the samples, as expected.Then, a study on a InGaAs-cap layer/(InGaAs/AlAsSb)_N superlattice grown on a InGaAs/InP buffer layer by both specular X-ray reflectometry and High resolution X-ray diffraction is reported. In particular, the results have revealed the presence of a highly disturbed thin-layer on top of the MOVPE-made GaInAs, whose presence has been explained by In-concentration modification during the desoxidation procedure at the surface of the MOVPE-made GaInAs.Beside the results on the Sb-based heterostructures, the use of X-ray scattering metrology as a routinely working non-destructive testing method has been emphasized.     

Effect of acoustic waves on the repetition frequency of high repetition rate TEA-CO2 lasers and calculating optimization condition

The gas channel of a pulse periodic TEA-CO₂ laser is considered as an acoustic resonator. In this paper, a three-dimensional mathematical modeling has been considered for describe of laser action. By calculating of the equations obtained from this model, the effects of cavity dimensions, Mach number and repetition frequency of laser on the acoustic wave spectrum have been investigated. At last optimum conditions for performance of laser operation has been arrived.     

High-speed transmission limitations due to Polarization Mode Dispersion

In this paper, the impacts of Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) on the performance of high-speed optical communication system have been reported at different bit rates. The two systems are modeled using older fibers with same PMD coefficient at different bit rates and third is with the new fiber with less PMD coefficient than that of the previous two. The attenuation, chromatic dispersion and non-linear effects have been disabled, so that all the variation of the results is due to PMD. The bit rate is varied from 2.5 to 40 Gbps and the length is varied from 1000 to 20,000 km. It is shown that the impact of PMD increases with the bit rate of system. It is also reported that the impact of PMD becomes intolerable at the bit rates of more than 40 Gbps. And also the PMD produces very minute impact on the system performance for same bit rate with the variation in the fiber length.     

High hydrostatic pressure inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum cells in (O/W)-emulsions is independent from cell surface hydrophobicity and lipid phase parameters

Inactivation efficiency of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing of food is strongly affected by food matrix composition. We investigated effects of fat on HHP inactivation of spoilage-associated Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum strains using defined oil-in-water (O/W)-emulsion model systems. Since fat-mediated effects on HHP inactivation could be dependent on interactions between lipid phase and microbial cells, three major factors possibly influencing such interactions were considered, that is, cell surface hydrophobicity, presence and type of surfactants, and oil droplet size. Pressure tolerance varied noticeably among L. plantarum strains and was independent of cell surface hydrophobicity. We showed that HHP inactivation of all strains tended to be more effective in presence of fat. The observation in both, surfactant-stabilized and surfactant-free (O/W)-emulsion, indicates that cell surface hydrophobicity is no intrinsic pressure resistance factor. In contrast to the presence of fat per se, surfactant type and oil droplet size did not affect inactivation efficiency.     

Polymer and surface roughness effects on the drag crisis for falling spheres

We make time resolved velocity measurements of steel spheres in free fall through liquid using a continuous ultrasound technique. We explore two different ways to induce large changes in drag on the spheres: 1) a small quantity of viscoelastic polymer added to water and 2) altering the surface of the sphere. Low concentration polymer solutions and/or a pattern of grooves in the sphere surface induce an early drag crisis, which may reduce drag by more than 50% compared to smooth spheres in pure water. On the other hand, random surface roughness and/or high concentration polymer solutions reduce drag progressively and suppress the drag crisis. We also present a qualititative argument which ties the drag reduction observed in low concentration polymer solutions to the Weissenberg number and normal stress difference.     

基于光谱信息的空间碎片材料种类数目估计方法仿真研究

在观测空间碎片时,受碎片结构紧凑、组成材料复杂,以及地基观测设备空间分辨率的限制,同一像元中通常会包含多种材料的信息,即产生"混合像元"。目前国内外对混合像元的研究主要集中在获取混合像元的纯物质光谱以及丰度上,往往忽略了高光谱数据中纯物质个数的确定对于没有任何先验信息的混合像元分析是至关重要的。如果估计的材料数目过少,将会导致解混出的材料光谱仍然是混合状态的像元;如果估计的材料数目过多,提取出的端元中将很有可能包含冗余噪声成分。基于光谱线性混合模型,提出一种改进的p范数纯像元辨识算法。主要利用光谱数据具有近似于低维流形的特性,首先采用正交投影的原理,将提取的端元扩充至正交投影算子中,然后分析投影后各个像元向量的p范数值,最终将p范数值高于阈值的向量个数作为材料种类数目。对实测碎片常用材料和美国地质勘测局数据库分别进行仿真实验,实验结果表明:提出的方法在估计材料种类数目的同时,还能提取出目标所包含的材料光谱,这在一定程度上提高混合光谱分解过程的自动化程度;相对于现有的一些主流算法,该方法有较强的鲁棒性,并且在信噪比不高的情况下仍能正确地估计空间碎片材料种类数目。     

Bearings-Only Target Motion Analysis Using a Dual-Waveband Infrared System

Infrared systems are widely used for target detection, designation and tracking. For example, an Infrared Search and Track (IRST) system, as a typical airborne or shipboard detecting device, is widely equipped for the remote target detection and tracking. In recent years, the problem of target motion analysis (TMA) and tracking has been studied increasingly extensively. In an airborne infrared system, the problem becomes more difficult due to absence of range information. In this paper, the infrared model and motion model of typical aerial targets are described. An airborne dual-waveband IRST system, which is quite familiar nowadays, is choosed for implementation of target motion analysis. Based on the above, a novel and more practical algorithm of target tracking via bearings-only measurements is formed and the major parameters are defined according to a typical airborne dual-waveband IRST system. Finally, data simulation is implemented, and the results demonstrate the new algorithm has a better performance than before for bearings-only target tracking.     

Influence of high pressure treatment on rheological and other properties of egg white

Abstract

The paper deals with the influence of high pressure treatment of fresh egg white on its properties and protein composition (individual amino-acids predicted as a function of pressure and time levels). The rheological properties are changed by high pressure from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behaviour, with increasing apparent viscosity as the pressure and time increased. The pH, whipping ability, foam stability, gel strength of heat induced gels after treatment and the whole protein content, were also predicted.

The results showed that the foam stability is increased with increasing pressure and time of processing. The foam volume is also increased with pressure. The pH did not change with pressure or time of processing. Composition of proteins as indicated by individual amino-acids did not exhibit statistically important changes. Gel strength of heat induced gels prepared from previously pressured liquid whites showed no important change of values with pressure or time of treatment. The modulus of elasticity showed a decrease for samples pressured to 400 MPa for 5 up to 15 minutes.