高动态范围图像合成中相机响应函数的快速标定

针对高动态范围图像合成过程中相机响应函数标定速度低的问题,提出了一种快速有效的相机响应函数标定的方法.首先根据不同曝光度的图像在成像过程中场景照度保持一致的特性,提出构建一种新的最小平方代价函数,以降低相机响应函数标定方程组的维数;然后在保证标定方程组求解效率的前提下,根据不同曝光度图像的噪音分布,引入高斯加权函数,有效减小多曝光图像在高亮或过暗区域成像过程中引入的噪音,并利用稳健的QR分解算法提高标定方程组的求解速度;最后采用查表的方法,利用高斯加权函数完成场景照度的合成及相应的色调映射,得到能表现整个场景亮区和暗区细节的可视化图像.实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,本文算法在保证相机响应函数标定准确度的同时,具有计算量小、速度快的优点,可实现相机响应函数的快速标定,而且所获得的可视化图像主观效果有所提高,在便携式摄像设备上具有广泛的应用前景.     

小型冷库液体冷媒融霜系统的研究

研究了液体冷媒融霜系统应用于小型冷库制冷系统的性能;介绍了液体冷媒融霜原理和控制操作过程、液体冷媒融霜实验的装置和方法;对实验结果进行了分析;重点通过库温变化、蒸发器进出口温度压力变化、过冷度对系统的影响、系统COP几个方面,研究了液体冷媒融霜应用于小型冷库制冷系统的性能。     

高温拉曼光谱提高信噪比的途径分析

结合累积时间分辨和空间分辨建成了上海大学高温拉曼谱仪SU-HTRS(T/S).由于高温噪声的不可避免,采用了移动平均方法,傅里叶变换滤波和小波分析的方法对其进行了数据降噪处理.在不同噪声水平上分析了不同处理方式对谱峰中心位置、强度、面积的影响及处理后数据的光滑度的影响.三种方法比较起来,移动平均法快而简单,小波分析的去噪效果最好.     

大功率限幅器的研制

介绍了一种L波段大功率限幅器的研制情况,该限幅器具有体积小、插入损耗小、输入承受功率高及限幅输出电平低等特点。文中给出了限幅二极管在高/低输入信号电平时的等效电路以及同轴滤波器的设计分析过程。实验测试结果表明,限幅器完全达到技术指标要求。     

Focused ion beam Moiré method

A focused ion beam (FIB) Moiré method is proposed to measure the in-plane deformation of object in a micrometer scale. The FIB Moiré is generated by the interference between a prepared specimen grating and FIB raster scan lines. The principle of the FIB Moiré is described. The sensitivity and accuracy of deformation measurement are discussed in detail. Several specimen gratings with 0.14 and 0.20 μm spacing are used to generate FIB Moiré patterns. The FIB Moiré method is successfully used to measure the residual deformation in a micro-electro-mechanical system structure after removing the SiO₂ sacrificial layer with a 5000 lines/mm grating. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this method.     

Optical resonator for high-power transverse flow CO2 lasers

A new design of the U-type resonator is described. In this way, a laser beam with symmetrical intensity profile (regarding to a symmetry plane) can be extracted from an active medium that exhibits gain asymmetry along one of the transverse directions. The whole area of the active medium cross-section can be used, and consequently the laser efficiency will be increased. This resonator structure was applied for efficiency power extraction (as a low order TEM modes laser beam) from a DC excited transverse flow CO₂ laser with cylindrical geometry. Although the cross-section area of the discharge was entirely used (including the cathode fall region), a symmetrical intensity profile of the laser beam (regarding to the two orthogonal symmetry planes) was obtained in the near field as well as in the far field; the gain asymmetry along the flow direction was compensated by the gas circulation fluidodynamical circuit with two counterflowing discharge channels. A double-U optical resonator was introduced in order to provide a laser beam with axial symmetry.For the practical construction of these two types of optical resonators we have developed two new types of 90° deflection elements: the first one, which does not reverse the image (and which has the properties of the pentaprism), and the second one, which rotates the image with 90° angle. Both elements exhibit good focusability if they are equipped with two concave mirrors.     

High coercivity nanocrystalline YCo5 powders produced by mechanical milling

High coercivity nanostructured YCo₅ powders were successfully prepared by mechanical milling of as-cast alloys and subsequent vacuum annealing. Almost single phase YCo₅ alloys, obtained by arc melting, were processed by high energy mechanical milling using a SPEX 8000 mill. After 4 h of milling, powders become nearly amorphous. DSC scans revealed the existence of an irreversible broad exothermic transition with a maximum at 516 °C associated with the crystallization process. Annealing in high vacuum at 800 °C during 2.5 min led to the formation of YCo₅ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 12 nm. A high intrinsic coercivity of 7.23 kOe together with a σ_r/σ_s ratio of 0.75 were obtained.     

Novel miniature high power ring filter

The power handling capability of high temperature superconducting (HTS) filters is limited due to current concentration at the edges of the superconducting films. This problem can be overcome by using ring resonator, which employs the edge current free and reduces the current concentration. However, this kind of filter has large size. In order to reduce the cost and size and increase the power handling capability, in this paper a HTS photonic bandgap (PBG) structure filter is developed. The proposed pass band filter with PBG structure exhibits center frequency 12.23 GHz, steepness (about 35 dB/GHz), bandwidth (−3 dB bandwidth is 0.045 GHz), and low insertion loss (about −0.5 dB), and can handle input power up to 1 W (this value was limited by the measurement instrument used in the experiment). The size is reduced by 25%, insertion loss reduced by 37.5%, and steeper roll-off of the filter is also obtained compared with that in published literature.     

新一代高温黑体和同步辐射装置及其在地外太阳光谱辐照度测量中的应用

在地外太阳光谱辐照度测量和大气定量遥感等项研究的推动下,近二、三十年,国际上光谱辐射计量技术发展十分迅速。基于先进的高温技术、优异的高温热解石墨材料和独特的设计,全俄光学物理测量研究所(VNIIOFI)研制出温度高达3 200～3 500 K、具有高均匀性和高稳定性的大面积普朗克高温黑体光源。基于低温绝对辐射计的滤光片辐射计迭代测温技术,使高温黑体温度测量不确定度小于0.5 K。在德国物理技术研究院(PTB),将这种高温黑体直接用于国际空间站地外太阳光谱测试仪器(SOLSPEC)的辐射定标,定标综合不确定度小于0.5%～1%。2008年德国物理技术研究院(PTB)建成名为计量光源(MLS)的新一代专用同步辐射存储环并投入使用。为调节同步辐射的光谱分布,稳态下其能量可设置为105～630 MeV任意值,相应特征波长随之从735 nm改变至3.4 nm。为在不改变光谱分布情况下改变光强,电子束流可调节 11个量级,即从 1个存储电子(相当于1 pA)到200 mA。美国国家标准技术研究院(NIST)在同步辐射紫外辐射装置(SURF Ⅲ)3号光束线上建立了使用同步辐射的光谱辐照度定标装置(FICUS),为紫外传递标准光源定标,光谱范围200～400 nm,相对测量不确定度1.2% (k=2)。新一代同步辐射装置为地外太阳光谱辐照度测量仪器,如SUSIM,SOLSTICE,SBUV,SIM和SOLSPEC等,短波段高精度辐射定标奠定了技术基础。该文描述新型高温黑体和同步辐射装置的建立与发展,光谱辐照度和光谱辐亮度标准的传递及国际比对并评述它们在太阳光谱辐照度测量中的应用。     

Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction characterization of Fe60Al40 coatings prepared by thermal spraying

Microstructured (atomized) and nanostructured (milled) Fe₆₀Al₄₀ powders together with their corresponding coatings synthesized by High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF) or Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) thermal spraying techniques have been characterized by Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The evolution of the microstructure and the atomic ordering degree in the powders and coatings are discussed at the light of the various processing conditions. The operational correlation between the parameters of the duplex morphology of coatings and the processing parameters is discussed.