人3型腺病毒六邻体蛋白同源建模及其进化轨迹分析

用同源建模方法构建了人3型腺病毒六邻体完整的空间结构, 对此结构模型的合理性进行检验, 并通过基于多重序列比对的进化轨迹分析发现, 不同型别的人腺病毒六邻体型特异性序列主要存在于六邻体的塔区上, 结合二级结构分析, 预测位于六邻体塔区表面的几个环区是型特异性中和表位的所在区域.     

A protocol for searching the most probable phase‐retrieved maps in coherent X‐ray diffraction imaging by exploiting the relationship between convergence of the retrieved phase and success of calculation

Coherent X‐ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) is a technique for visualizing the structures of non‐crystalline particles with size in the submicrometer to micrometer range in material sciences and biology. In the structural analysis of CXDI, the electron density map of a specimen particle projected along the direction of the incident X‐rays can be reconstructed only from the diffraction pattern by using phase‐retrieval (PR) algorithms. However, in practice, the reconstruction, relying entirely on the computational procedure, sometimes fails because diffraction patterns miss the data in small‐angle regions owing to the beam stop and saturation of the detector pixels, and are modified by Poisson noise in X‐ray detection. To date, X‐ray free‐electron lasers have allowed us to collect a large number of diffraction patterns within a short period of time. Therefore, the reconstruction of correct electron density maps is the bottleneck for efficiently conducting structure analyses of non‐crystalline particles. To automatically address the correctness of retrieved electron density maps, a data analysis protocol to extract the most probable electron density maps from a set of maps retrieved from 1000 different random seeds for a single diffraction pattern is proposed. Through monitoring the variations of the phase values during PR calculations, the tendency for the PR calculations to succeed when the retrieved phase sets converged on a certain value was found. On the other hand, if the phase set was in persistent variation, the PR calculation tended to fail to yield the correct electron density map. To quantify this tendency, here a figure of merit for the variation of the phase values during PR calculation is introduced. In addition, a PR protocol to evaluate the similarity between a map of the highest figure of merit and other independently reconstructed maps is proposed. The protocol is implemented and practically examined in the structure analyses for diffraction patterns from aggregates of gold colloidal particles. Furthermore, the feasibility of the protocol in the structure analysis of organelles from biological cells is examined.     

基于红外光谱的苹果叶病害的快速诊断

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,利用光谱检索的方法对苹果叶病害进行病害类型的鉴别研究。测试了正常苹果叶片和4种病害叶片共75份样本的红外光谱,光谱显示,各类样品的红外光谱非常相似,主要由纤维素、木质素、蛋白质和脂类的吸收带组成。利用omnic8.5软件依次建立了由每类样品的平均红外光谱、一阶导数光谱和二阶导数光谱组成的光谱库Lib1、Lib2、Lib3。各样品红外光谱分别与光谱库Lib1进行专家检索和绝对微分差算法检索,专家检索的正确率为80%,绝对微分差检索的正确率为82.7%。各样品红外光谱的一阶导数光谱和二阶导数光谱分别与光谱库Lib2、Lib3在全谱范围进行绝对微分差检索,基于一阶导数光谱的检索正确率为93.3%,二阶导数光谱的检索正确率为82.7%。结果表明:基于一阶导数红外光谱的绝对微分差算法的检索更适合于苹果叶病害的鉴别。基于红外光谱技术的光谱检索的方法能较好地鉴别苹果叶病害,有望成为简便、快捷、低成本的植物病害的鉴别方法。     

雷达回波资料反演海洋波导中观测值权重的确定

提出采用一种与电磁波传播损耗相类似的指数衰减形式来描绘观测值权重随距离的变化,结合标准的统计反演算法来测试不同的观测值权值对反演速度与精度的影响.结果表明,指数衰减形式能较好地描绘观测值权值随距离的变化情况;其中衰减指数的选取是关键.合理地选取衰减指数可较好地改进反演的速度与精度.对于不同频率的电磁波,最优衰减指数是各不相同的. 关键词： 海洋波导 观测值权重 衰减指数 反演算法     

相位恢复算法用于分区复用多图像加密的研究

衍射投影效应明显降低了基于双相位编码的多图像加密系统的性能.提出分区复用技术来解决这一问题.待加密的多个图像被放置于各个输出平面的不同区域,于是相邻两个输出平面的秘密图像区域将错落开来,因而有效抑制了衍射投影所产生的噪声.在此基础上,重点研究了用于该系统的相位恢复算法.在完整的顺序迭代之后,对解密质量最差的图像进行逐一补偿,从而寻找到了更加符合多幅秘密图像客观特点的子循环次序.根据这一次序,用完整迭代后附加调节性迭代的方法或者完全更换迭代次序的方法,都能够在保留基本算法快速收敛优势的前提下,使多幅解密图像质量以及系统地复用容量得以整体提高.     

基于级联相位恢复算法的光学图像加密

在虚拟光学数据加密理论模型的基础上,提出了一种光学图像加密的可视化密码构造算法。该加密算法基于自由空间传播的光学系统,利用级联迭代角谱相位恢复算法把待加密图像分别编码到两块相位模板之中,从而实现图像的加密。该加密技术不但可通过同时调整两块相位模板的相位分布的搜索策略来扩大搜索空间,提高安全强度,而且扩大了系统密钥空间,使系统获得更高的安全性,且能通过简单的数值运算或光学实验装置得到质量非常高的解密图像,还从理论上分析了该算法的时间复杂度。计算机模拟结果表明,该加密算法的收敛速度快,能迅速找到非常好的近似解,解密图像质量高且系统安全性良好。     

The covariogram determines three-dimensional convex polytopes

The cross covariogram g_K,L of two convex sets is the function which associates to each the volume of the intersection of K with L+x. The problem of determining the sets from this function is relevant in stochastic geometry, in probability and it is equivalent to a particular case of the phase retrieval problem in Fourier analysis. It is also relevant for the inverse problem of determining the atomic structure of a quasicrystal from its X-ray diffraction image. The two main results of this paper are that g_K,K determines three-dimensional convex polytopes K and that g_K,L determines both K and L when K and L are convex polyhedral cones satisfying certain assumptions. These results settle a conjecture of G. Matheron in the class of convex polytopes. Further results regard the known counterexamples in dimension n4.     

基于原理实例检索的可变功能产品功能升级再设计

针对可变功能产品随市场变化导致其功能和性能存在不足之处的情况, 提出了用于该类产品功能升级再设计的“原理实例检索法”. 首先, 归纳总结出功能升级的4种基本类型, 依据总结出的功能升级类型, 从功能需求的角度出发, 提出了一个功能升级辅助再设计软件原型系统, 用以进行原理实例的检索. 若检索结果无相关原理或实例支持功能升级, 则对升级功能进行TRIZ(发明问题解决理论)工程参数转化, 通过构建冲突矩阵获得创新原理解. 以电动工具为例, 建立的功能升级辅助再设计系统搜集了用于实现电动工具常见功能的基本原理和实例, 并利用Access数据库和Visual Basic 6.0对设计信息进行存储和原型系统构建. 其次, 对升级功能结构和原共享结构间的匹配情况进行分析, 得出结构匹配可能出现的5类基本情况. 最后, 以电钻“打磨固体”升级功能设计为实例, 利用上述功能升级再设计方法, 设计出了磨砺性能良好的“去锈打磨盘”, 验证了所提出的可变功能产品功能升级再设计方法的可行性.     

A hybrid Gerchberg–Saxton-like algorithm for DOE and CGH calculation

The Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm is widely used in various disciplines of modern sciences and technologies where phase retrieval is required. However, this legendary algorithm most likely stagnates after a few iterations. Many efforts have been taken to improve this situation. Here we propose to introduce the strategy of gradient descent and weighting technique to the GS algorithm, and demonstrate it using two examples: design of a diffractive optical element (DOE) to achieve off-axis illumination in lithographic tools, and design of a computer generated hologram (CGH) for holographic display. Both numerical simulation and optical experiments are carried out for demonstration.     

Optical noise-free image encryption based on quick response code and high dimension chaotic system in gyrator transform domain

A novel optical image encryption scheme is proposed based on quick response code and high dimension chaotic system, where only the intensity distribution of encoded information is recorded as ciphertext. Initially, the quick response code is engendered from the plain image and placed in the input plane of the double random phase encoding architecture. Then, the code is encrypted to the ciphertext with noise-like distribution by using two cascaded gyrator transforms. In the process of encryption, the parameters such as rotation angles and random phase masks are generated as interim variables and functions based on Chen system. A new phase retrieval algorithm is designed to reconstruct the initial quick response code in the process of decryption, in which a priori information such as three position detection patterns is used as the support constraint. The original image can be obtained without any energy loss by scanning the decrypted code with mobile devices. The ciphertext image is the real-valued function which is more convenient for storing and transmitting. Meanwhile, the security of the proposed scheme is enhanced greatly due to high sensitivity of initial values of Chen system. Extensive cryptanalysis and simulation have performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.