A mel-frequency cepstral coefficient-based approach for surface roughness diagnosis in hard turning using acoustic signals and gaussian mixture models

During the last years, notable efforts have been made to develop reliable and industrially applicable machining monitoring systems based on different types of sensors, especially indirect methods that does not required to interrupt the machining process. As the main objective in machining processes is to produce a high-quality surface finish which, however, can be measured only at the end of the machining cycle, a more preferable method would be to monitor the quality during the cycle. Motivated by this premise, results of investigation on the relationship between audible sound emitted during process and the resulted surface finish are reported in this paper. Through experiments with AISI 52100 hardened steel, this work shows that such a correlation does exist between the surface roughness and the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and based on that correlation, a new quality monitoring method is proposed using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). Obtained results show that this method can identify three different levels of surface roughness with an average accuracy of 98.125%.     

基于线性光谱模型和支撑向量机的软硬分类方法

针对硬分类方法中无法解决的混合像元问题及软分类方法中全图共用一套端元进行混合像元分解所带来的弊端,提出了一种新的软硬分类方法。该方法通过分析目标地物在图像中的分布情况,自动计算判别阈值,将图像分为目标地物纯净区域、目标地物混合区域和非目标地物区域。对于目标地物纯净区域和非目标地物区域采用硬分类方法(支撑向量机)快速提取分类信息;对于目标地物混合区域采用软分类方法(端元可变的线性混合像元分解)提取目标地物丰度信息,最后得到目标地物软硬分类结果。通过对北京地区ALOS图像的应用试验,并将新方法与支撑向量机、线性光谱混合模型进行比较,新方法的RMSE值为0.203,总量精度达到95.48%,高于支撑向量机和线性光谱混合模型。实验结果表明,新方法能够有效解决混合像元问题,提高图像分类精度。     

重复频率亚纳秒脉冲硬X射线发生器

 研制了一种重复频率快脉冲硬X射线发生器,该发生器的主要设备包括纳秒脉冲功率源、亚纳秒脉冲发生器、功率负载二极管装置、真空系统和二极管运行监测探测器5部分。对该发生器的工作原理、结构特点进行了介绍,通过建立的发生器运行电参数监测以及辐射场参数测量手段,对源的运行电流、电压参数以及辐射场参数进行了初步监测和分析,并考验了源运行的稳定性。结果表明：该发生器结构以及运行方式灵活、稳定性好,实现了射线的能量上限、能谱、强度、脉宽等多种重要参数在线可调,且射线有一定的强度,可以为快响应探头标定等实验提供合适的纳秒、皮秒脉冲硬X射线辐射场。     

Equations of state for the hard disk fluids

By using the published accurate new virial coefficients B₁₁～B₁₄ for the hard disk fluids [C. Zhang and B.M. Pettitt, Mol. Phys., 2014, 112, 1427], we here propose a new updated version of Tian-Gui-Mulero equation of state [J.X. Tian, Y.X. Gui and A. Mulero, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 13597]. Compared with other proposals, the new version stands strongly to be the only which can reproduce the known virial coefficients B₂～B₁₃ at the same time that can describe the relation of the compressibility factor versus the packing fraction for the hard disk fluids with high accuracy.     

自适应阈值的多光谱遥感影像软硬分类方法研究

土地覆盖遥感分类根据图像中每个像元在不同波段具有不同光谱亮度、空间结构特征或者其他差异的特征,按照某种规则或算法提取土地覆盖分类信息。硬分类方法由于混合像元的存在,导致遥感分类和面积测量精度难以达到使用要求;软分类方法能够解决混合像元问题。针对硬分类与软分类各自存在的问题及优势,在分析硬分类模型和软分类模型的理论基础上,通过研究两种模型的优缺点取长补短,优化分类模型。在新的软硬分类方法支持下,设计典型应用案例,在精度评价过程采用改进型混淆矩阵评价方法,验证该方法在土地覆盖信息提取方面的精度。结果表明,软硬分类方法能够有效提高土地覆盖分类精度。     

Strain imaging of a perpendicular recording head in a Hard Disk Drive

Imaging of magnetic-field-induced strains using scanning probe microscopy enables us to observe magnetic domain structures and magnetic force distributions. This method has an ability of observing magnetic structures in deep portions along with surface structures. We observed an air-bearing surface of a perpendicular recording head in a hard disk drive in large areas including the whole yokes, and investigated characteristics of the magnetic poles and layers subjected to magnetic fields produced by writing coil currents. Attractive forces independent of the field directions acted between the upper and lower yokes made by soft material, which generated surface displacements in the ABS. The signals were second-harmonic oscillations for alternating currents without a dc bias, and the amplitude images represented the field distribution. Meanwhile, fixed magnetic charges in both ends of the read sensor, which were produced by the hard-bias film, were subjected to the fields. The fixed charges, which hardly changed by the fields, lead to strains depending on the field directions, and generated specific contrasts of one pair of bright-dark spots in the strain images. In the absence of surface underlayer, the fields by the writing coil broke into the read sensor sandwiched by the shield layers.     

Kurtosis parameter of truncated standard and elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams propagating through ABCD optical systems

On the basis of the propagation equation of truncated standard and elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams, the closed-form propagation expressions for the kurtosis parameter K of standard and elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams passing through apertured optical systems are derived, it is shown that the kutosis parameter K of standard and elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams depend on order p and index m of Laguerre polynomial, the beam-truncated parameter δ and the generalized Fresnel number F. Detailed numerical examples are given to illustrate the analytical results.     

Enhanced magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B thin films crystallized by heat treatment

Nd₂Fe₁₄B Φ phase crystallites were formed in Nd_16.7Fe_65.5B_17.8 thin films prepared by RF sputtering with subsequent heat treatment. The 2 μm-thick films were deposited onto 0.1 mm Mo sheets at an average substrate temperature (T_s) of 365°C. The enhanced magnetic properties of the magnetically anisotropic thin films were investigated using different heating rates (h_r) of 10°C, 20°C, 50°C and 100°C/min in an annealing experiment. Transformation from the amorphous phase to the crystalline phase is clearly manifested by the formation of fine crystallites embedded as a columnar matrix of Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase. High-resolution scanning electron microscope data of the cross-section of the annealed films show columnar stacking of Nd₂Fe₁₄B crystallites with sizes <500 nm. Transmission electron microscope observations revealed that the microstructure of these films having out-of-plane magnetization consists of uniformly distributed Φ phase with grain size around 400 nm together with small Nd rich particles. This grain size of Φ phase is comparable to the single domain particle diameter of Nd₂Fe₁₄B. Significant change in _iH_c, 4πM_r and 4πM_s with h_r was confirmed. Annealing conditions with a heating rate of 50°C/min to an annealing temperature (T_a) of 650°C for 30 min was consequently found to give optimum properties for the NdFeB thin films. The resulting magnetic properties, considered to be the effect of varying h_r were _iH_c= 1307–1357 kA/m, 4πM_r=0.78–1.06 T and 4πM_s=0.81–1.07 T.     

C-directional compression of nano-graphite: a comparison between effects of uniform and non-uniform pressure

The mechanism of phase transition and evolution in graphite under uniform compression and spherical nanoindentation along the c-direction is investigated through systematical molecular dynamics simulations. Under both the loading conditions, the soft graphite phase can sustain pressure up to 16-20 GPa, beyond which it transforms into a new phase characterized by a much higher stiffness. More and more interlayer bonds will be created in the new hard phase with the increase of the pressure until an unstable state is reached. The critical pressure to produce the quenchable hard phase with a permanent sp³ bonding remaining after unloading is shown to be as high as ∼880 GPa under uniform compression, as opposed to only ∼75 GPa under nanoindentation. Therefore, application of non-uniform pressure is significantly more helpful for creating diamond-like sp³ structures in graphite by cold-compressive technique.     

超短超强激光与金属靶作用产生硬X射线照相

 超短超强激光与物质相互作用产生硬X射线的应用之一是X射线照相。利用等离子体国家重点实验室的SILEX-Ⅰ激光器进行了超短超强激光与高Z平面金属厚靶相互作用产生硬X射线作为照相光源的照相实验研究。采用闪烁体+胶片和闪烁体+CCD相机的方式分别接收X射线图像,在靶的侧向和后向得到清晰X射线图像。由于采用的闪烁体厚度和照相几何不同,图像质量和空间分辨率存在明显差别。这种照相技术不仅可以作为激光与固体靶相互作用产生光源研究的基础手段,而且可以作为激光与固体靶相互作用致硬X射线的探测方式。