微波等离子体炬离子/原子荧光光谱研究 --稀土元素铕的离子/原子荧光光谱

文中用微波等离子体炬作离子／原子化器,强短脉冲供电空心阴极灯作激发源,进行了稀土元素的离子／原子荧光检测。详细研究了系统对Ｅｕ检测时的最佳工作条件,对微波等离子体功率,空心阴极灯电流,观测高度等因素对Ｅｕ离子／原子荧光信号的影响进行了讨论,测量了离子荧光和原子荧光谱的检测限。     

具有红外反射膜的节能卤素灯

研究了节能卤素灯的技术和设计问题.给出了红外反射膜的厚度对近红外波段的反射率分布以及该涂层对2 850 K照明光源在可见光范围内的影响,讨论了灯丝和泡壳的几何形状,以及钨丝对红外反射能量的吸收.实验表明：1）当选用9层膜时,实验数据与计算值偏差很微小.当灯的管径为10 mm,而灯丝外径为1.5 mm时,节能可达12%到13%.2）对圆柱形灯外壳,在不考虑端面影响时,光源的灯丝若处于外壳的中心轴上,则反射的能量会有效地返回灯丝.3）螺旋结构的灯丝比表面光滑的直钨丝有更高的吸收率,灯丝绕成螺旋后在现行的螺距尺寸下吸收率能达到0.6~0.7.     

真空的获得与测量

“真空的获得与测量”是近代物理实验中的一个有关真空技术的基础性实验，本文论述了该实验的意义及更新的必要性，简单描述了实验装置，记述了主要技术指标以及实验内容。     

Mass spectrometry of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). As a catalyst copper(I)thiocyanate (CuSCN) was used with N-n-pentyl-2-pyridylmethanimine as a ligand. Infrared spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to characterize the synthesized polymers. From this it was clear that at least to some extent thiocyanate was present as end groups of the PMMA chains. This observation is discussed in view of a phenomenon called halogen exchange, which has been reported before for bromine/chlorine exchange in ATRP.     

Short-wavelength emission characteristics of a longitudinal bromine vapor glow discharge in a quartz tube

The output emission characteristics are presented in the spectral range 150–350 nm for a longitudinal bromine vapor glow discharge in a quartz tube (inner diameter 1.4 cm, interelectrode distance 10 cm). Pressure of the working mixtures: P = 0.2–1.0 kPa. The emission spectrum of the lamp based on an He-Br₂ mixture consists of the 163.3 nm and 157.6 nm spectral lines of the bromine atom and a system of molecular bromine bands (170–300 nm). The total power of UV-VUV emission of the lamp based on an He-Br₂ mixture is 5 W max for efficiency <10%. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 6, pp. 816–819, November–December, 2007.     

A Pulsed-Periodic, Low-Pressure Volume Discharge in Chlorine and in a Xenon/Chlorine Mixture

The electrical and optical characteristics of a self-initiated, low-pressure, pulsed-periodic discharge in chlorine and in a xenon/chlorine mixture are investigated. A volume discharge not bounded by dielectric walls was triggered in a spherical anode–plane cathode system of electrodes on supply of a constant positive-polarity voltage to the anode. The discharge existed in the form of a unit domain. The spatial, spectral (in the range 150–350 nm), and time characteristics (voltage, current, and photocurrent of total radiation of plasma in the spectral range 200–700 nm) of the volume discharge are investigated. Optimization of the pressure and of the structure of the working medium is carried out to obtain the maximum brightness of UV–VUV radiation of the bands of the Cl₂(D–A), Cl₂ ^**, and XeCl(D, B–X) molecules. The results obtained are of interest for being used in a pulsed-periodic, excimer-halogen low-pressure lamp.     

迈克尔干涉仪的调节和测量技巧

根据干涉图样条纹的变化来调节仪器，简单快捷；巧妙使用透镜，观察方便，记数准确。     

Gaseous Chloride Complexes with Halogen Bridges—Homo-Complexes and Hetero-Complexes

The chemistry of the gaseous halide complexes which have been observed in large numbers in recent years is discussed for the example of chlorides. Homo-complexes—dimeric or polymeric chloride molecules containing chlorine-bridge linkages [e.g.(NaCl)_n, n = 2—4; (CuCl)_n, n = 2—5; (BeCl₂)_n, n = 2—4; Pd₆Cl₁₂]—occur through broad areas of the Periodic Table. Comparison of the dissociation enthalpy of such molecules with the vaporization enthalpy of the liquid chlorides is particularly informative. Hetero-complexes are formed from different chloride molecules by linkage through Cl bridges. Not only 1:1 complexes (e.g. NaAlCl₄, TIPbCl₃, KThCl₅, CdPbCl₄, AlUCl₈) but also larger molecules (e.g. CoAl₂Cl₈, CrAl₃Cl₁₂, Cu₂UCl₆, In₂UCl₁₀) are known. Types of formulas, structures, and above all the formation enthalpies of such complexes are discussed critically. Hetero-complexes are useful in chemical transport reactions, as aids in syntheses, and in gas-chromatographic separations (lanthanoids, actinoids). They also play a part in many industrial processes (chlorination of ores) and in recently developed types of high-pressure discharge tubes.     

Laser Tunable Source for the Red and Near UV Regions of the Spectrum

The spectral and lasing characteristics of a number of dyes for the red and near IR portions of the lasing spectrum in laser and lamp pumpings are investigated. Smooth tuning of a pulse-periodic lamp-pumped laser in the 660–720 nm range and generation of its second harmonic in the 330–360 nm region were obtained. As a result, the radiation range of the earlier developed tunable laser source has been extended in the red and near UV regions of the spectrum. The use of mixtures of dyes and proton-donating additives in working solutions has substantially improved the energy characteristics of this source.     

加长炬管中Ca,Sr,Ba,Eu,Yb的强短脉冲供电空心阴极灯激发电感耦合等离子体离子/原子荧光光谱

本文报告了加长炬管中Ca,Sr,Ba,Eu,Yb等元素的强短脉冲供电空心阴极灯（HCMP－HCL）激发电感耦合等离子体（ICP）离子／原子荧光光谱。在大多数实验条件下,离子荧光比原子荧光强得多。Ba离子荧光检出限改善了2个数量级以上,Sr改善了1．5个数量级,Eu和Yb改善了近1个数量级。详细考察了HC－MP－HCL电源参数和ICP条件对离子／原子荧光强度影响。