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61.
62.
Thin films of polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene-polyacrylonitrile copolymer (PS-AN), containing various embedded transition-metal complexes, have been studied by FTIR microscopy. The spatial distributions of the transition-metal carbonyl complexes throughout the thin organic polymer films have been determined by a two-dimensional IR mapping procedure. The spectral variations observed in the distribution of the metal carbonyls throughout the different polymer films are discussed. The IR data show that the technique used to prepare the organometallic-embedded thin films (viz. freeze-drying of solutions followed by hot mechanical pressing of the residues) does in general lead to homogeneous films which may eventually find industrial application, e.g. as membrane sensors for small molecules. 相似文献
63.
A novel copolymer, poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐2,6‐pyridylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P3 ), containing N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene and 2,6‐pyridylene chromophores was synthesized to investigate the effect of protonation, metal complexation, and chemical oxidation on its absorption and photoluminescence (PL). Poly(N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) and poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P2 ), consisting of 1,3‐divinylbenzene alternated with N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl and N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene, respectively, were also prepared for comparison. Electrochemical investigations revealed that P3 exhibited lower band gaps (2.34 eV) due to alternating donor and acceptor conjugated units (push–pull structure). The absorption and PL spectral variations of P3 were easily manipulated by protonation, metal chelation, and chemical oxidation. P3 displayed significant bathochromic shifts when protonated with trifluoroacetic acid in chloroform. The complexation of P3 with Fe3+ led to a significant absorption change and fluorescence quenching, and this implied the coordination of ferric ions with the 2,6‐pyridylene groups in the backbone. Moreover, both phenothiazylene‐containing P2 and P3 showed conspicuous PL quenching with a slight redshift when oxidized with NOBF4. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1272–1284, 2004 相似文献
64.
Y. D. Kolekar S. B. Kulkarni Keka Chakraborty A. Das S. K. Paranjpe P. B. Joshi 《Pramana》2004,63(2):189-197
Nd2Sn2O7 pyrochlores with the substitution of Zr4+ were prepared by conventional ceramic double sintering technique. The single-phase formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction
and neutron diffraction techniques. Relative intensity calculations for X-ray diffraction analysis were performed for oxygen
positional parametersx = 0.331 and 0.375, while Rietveld refinements were employed for neutron diffraction data. The neutron diffraction study revealed
that there are only two anion sites with 48f and 8b positions. This indicates that the 8a site, i.e. O(3) sublattice, is completely
vacant and the structure is a perfect cubic pyrochlore with space group Fd3m (O
h
7
). From the conductivity measurements, it is observed that the electronic conductivity dominates from room temperature up
to about 525 K and forT > 525 K, the oxygen ion conduction dominates the charge transport in these compositions. Complex impedance spectroscopy indicates
the existence of grain and grain boundary as two separate elements. 相似文献
65.
A theoretical study of the electron dynamics in image potential states on Cu(1 0 0) surfaces with different types of adsorbates is presented. Scattering of the image state electron by an adsorbate induces inter-band and intra-band transitions leading respectively to the population decay and to the dephasing of the image state. We compare results obtained with low coverage (typically 1 adsorbate atom per 1000 surface atoms) Cs, Ar, and a model electronegative adsorbates. As follows from our results, Cs adsorbates lead to both appreciable dephasing and decay, while electronegative adsorbates mostly affect the dephasing rate. The effect of low coverage Ar adsorbates is small, consistent with their neutrality. 相似文献
66.
Fe–Al alloys around the concentration of 30 at. % Al present re-entrant spin-glass behaviour at low temperatures. This behaviour is not completely understood and Mössbauer spectroscopy, combined with other experimental techniques, is useful to describe and explain this behaviour. Results show that the Mössbauer spectra coincide with the magnetic behaviour showed in literature and they can be explained as a magnetic cluster system whose magnetic clusters are getting smaller when the temperature is decreasing. When the temperature is reaching to the spin-glass transition at 92 K the spins in the paramagnetic matrix are moving slower and below this transition the spins are completely frozen. 相似文献
67.
H. Sakuma T. Taniyama K. Ishii Y. Kitamoto Y. Yamazaki 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006,300(2):284-292
The order parameter S of Fe–Pt nanoparticles is estimated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The total intensity of a diffraction peak is obtained by Rietveld analysis as well as simply integrating the intensity. The Rietveld analysis is found to provide a plausible value of S even for a sample showing an XRD pattern with broad and overlapped peaks. Another order parameter Q, which is obtained from Mössbauer spectra, is introduced, and it is confirmed that Q is equivalent to the probability of Fe atoms being in the L10-type atomic arrangement. The coercivity of Fe–Pt nanoparticles is directly proportional to Q, while it vanishes at S=0.4, indicating that the magnetic property of Fe–Pt nanoparticles has a closer relationship to Q than S. 相似文献
68.
A family of skew Hadamard difference sets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cunsheng Ding 《Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A》2006,113(7):1526-1535
In 1933 a family of skew Hadamard difference sets was described by Paley using matrix language and was called the Paley-Hadamard difference sets in the literature. During the last 70 years, no new skew Hadamard difference sets were found. It was conjectured that there are no further examples of skew Hadamard difference sets. This conjecture was proved to be true for the cyclic case in 1954, and further progress in favor of this conjecture was made in the past 50 years. However, the conjecture remains open until today. In this paper, we present a family of new perfect nonlinear (also called planar) functions, and construct a family of skew Hadamard difference sets using these perfect nonlinear functions. We show that some of the skew Hadamard difference sets presented in this paper are inequivalent to the Paley-Hadamard difference sets. These new examples of skew Hadamard difference sets discovered 70 years after the Paley construction disprove the longstanding conjecture on skew Hadamard difference sets. The class of new perfect nonlinear functions has applications in cryptography, coding theory, and combinatorics. 相似文献
69.
The 11 800-14 380 cm−1 frequency range has been scanned for rotationally resolved rovibronic transitions in the A2B2-X2A1 electronic band system of the symmetric (C2v) 16O14N16O and 18O14N18O isotopologues and in the corresponding electronic band system of the asymmetric (Cs) 18O14N16O isotopologue. The rotational analysis—reflecting minor differences in mass—in combination with symmetry induced spectral differences allows an identification of 68 16O14N16O vibronic levels, 26 18O14N18O vibronic levels and 51 18O14N16O vibronic levels. The bands are recorded using near infrared fluorescence spectroscopy and a piezo valve based pulsed molecular beam expansion of premixed 18O2 and 14N16O in Ar. The majority of the observed bands is rotationally assigned and can be identified as transitions starting from the vibrational ground state of one of the isotopologues. Numerous hot bands have also been identified. A comparison of the overall spectroscopic features of C2v vs. Cs symmetric species provides qualitative information on symmetry dependence of vibronic couplings. 相似文献
70.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - 相似文献