沸石分子筛的表面改性技术进展

沸石分子筛的改性技术与这类材料的合成及应用一样相当大地推动了沸石化学的发展。本篇文章引用了至少90篇文献概括地介绍了最近发展起来的三种沸石表面改性方法:沸石内配位化学、化学蒸汽沉积和沸石的表面有机金属化学。     

纯固体配料体系中不同碱金属卤化物对ZSM—48沸石合成及性质的影响

纯固体配料体系中引入碱金属的不同卤化物ＫＸ（Ｘ＝Ｆ，Ｃｌ，Ｂｒ，Ｉ）对ＺＳＭ－４８沸石的昌化和性质有着显著的影响。ＸＲＤ测试结果表明：引入不同的卤化钾对合成沸石的结构基本没有影响，但均大大降低了沸石的晶化速度。通过等离子光谱和ＸＰＳ测试发现沸石的体相硅铝比基本相同，但沸石的表面的硅铝比显著不同。合成体系中引入一定量的ＸＩ很难合成ＺＳＭ－４８沸石，或者需要很长时间才能合成，引入ＫＦ和ＫＢｒ不利于生成     

不同方法制备的脱铝Y沸石的孔结构

Y沸石脱铝有多种方法。由于在脱铝过程中发生水解、聚合、重排等反应,分子筛的孔结构将发生很大的变化,如形成空穴,甚至可导致骨架结构单元的崩塌,形成二次孔。由于不同的脱铝方法的脱铝机理不同,即使它们的脱铝程度一致,产生的孔结构也将不同,这必将导致它们的酸性质和催化性能的差异。目前关于Y沸石孔结构的研究报导还很少,尤其对SSY,US-SSY沸石孔结构的报导更为鲜见。本文用低温N_2吸附-脱附等温线和层厚t等方法,对四种不同方法制备的脱铝Y沸石(USY,DAY,SSY和US-SSY)的微孔、二次孔及其孔径分布(2.0～60.0nm)进行了初步研究,得到了一些有用的信息,为进一步研究其酸性质和催化性能打下了基础。     

β 沸石中铝的状态及归属

The states of aluminum in zeolites β were investigated with FTIR spectroscopy. Three kinds of aluminium, framework, nonframework and transient state aluminium, were detected in template-removed zeolite β. The states of aluminium in our samples strongly depends on the nature of the compensating cation, consistent with Brougeat-Lami et al's conclusion. But some new assignments of aluminum species and new opinions about the states of aluminum and their transformation are proposed. From the experimental results, we suggest that, the distortion and tension of zeolite lattice occur when protons, which possess high electron affinity , are located at cationic sites, leading to the breakage of Al-- O bond and the removal of aluminium. The distortion is released when H+ is replaced by other cations (e.g. Na+ ) so that transient state aluminium can go back into the framework, while the cationic nonframework aluminium species enter the solution upon the ion-exchange.     

钠型斜发沸石Na+-K+离子交换特性研究(I)-离子交换过程热力学特性

测定出斜发沸石的阳离子交换容量为 192.18mmol/100g 沸石;通过 10℃、25℃、50℃、75℃钠型斜发沸石 Na+–K+离子交换等温线、温度对选择性校正系数的影响及 Kielland 图研究表明:钠型斜发沸石对钠钾混合体系中的钾具有很高的选择性,且随着温度的上升,沸石对钾的选择性下降,并回归出 Langmuir 模型;依据热力学平衡原理,导出了钠型斜发沸石 Na+–K+离子交换过程平衡常数表达式,并计算出该过程的焓、吉布斯自由能和熵变化,进一步验证该过程可自发进行,且为放热反应,低温有利于钾离子吸附。     

固体高辨核磁共振技术对改性金属离子在HZSM-5分子筛中的行为研究

使用固体高分辨核样共振技术研究Zn^2+, Ga^3+,等离子在HZSM-5分子筛中的行为。结果表明, Ga^3+离子主要定位于HZSM-5外表面, 不能抑制骨架脱铝; Zn^2+离子进入了HZSM-5内孔道, 取代了桥羟基上部分质子位, 能稳定沸石骨架。Ga^3+,Zn^2+离子均未进入沸石骨架位。骨架脱铝顺序为: GaHZSM-5>ZnHZSM-5》BaHZSM-5≌CaHZSM-5。     

环己烯／HY体系中环烯碳正离子的形成及其转化

采用紫外漫反射光谱和红外光谱研究丁环已烯/HY体系中环烯碳正离子的形成及其进一步转化,两种方法结果相当吻合且互相充实。环己烯在室温吸附后,在UV-VIS、IR谱图中分别于350 nm、1530 cm~(-1)处产生与环烯碳正离子相关的吸收谱带。沸石酸性是出现这一结果的决定因素。在低温下(≤150℃)环烯碳正离子可转化成苯,从UV-VIS谱图尚看到链状多烯碳正离子存在,在温度高于150℃时,可观察到明显的催化剂结炭,所形成焦炭具有多支链多环芳烃结构性质。     

β沸石中铝的状态及归属

用FTIR方法对β沸石中铝的状态进行了研究．结果表明，在脱除模板剂的β沸石中存在着三种状态的铝，即骨架铝、非骨架铝和过度态铝．铝的存在状态与平衡阳离子的性质密切相关，当平衡阳离子为高电子亲和性的H 时，β沸石的骨架发生扭曲而具有较大的张力，使得Al-O键断裂，铝经过渡态移出骨架，成为非骨架铝．当H 被Na 等离子取代后，骨架形变得以缓解，过渡态铝重又恢复骨架四面体配位，而阳离子态的非骨架铝物种则被交换进入溶液．     

Ethylene Conversion to Higher Hydrocarbon over Copper Loaded BZSM-5 in the Presence of Oxygen

The successful production of higher hydrocarbons from methane depends on the stability or the oxidation rate of the intermediate products. The performances of the BZSM-5 and the modified BZSM-5 catalysts were tested for ethylene conversion into higher hydrocarbons. The catalytic experiments were carried out in a fixed-bed micro reactor at atmospheric pressure. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, NH3-TPD, and IR for their structure and acidity. The result suggests that BZSM-5 is a weak acid. The introduction of copper into BZSM-5 improved the acidity of BZSM-5. The conversion of ethylene toward higher hydrocarbons is dependent on the acidity of the catalyst. Only weaker acid site is required to convert ethylene to higher hydrocarbons. The loading of Cu on BZSM-5 improved the selectivity for higher hydrocarbons especially at low percentage. The reactivity of ethylene is dependent on the amount of acidity as well as the presence of metal on the catalyst surface. Cu1%BZSM-5 is capable of converting ethylene to higher hydrocarbons. The balances between the metal and acid sites influence the performance of ethylene conversion and higher hydrocarbon selectivity. Higher loading of Cu leads to the formation of COx.     

Synthesis of Compact NaA Zeolite Membrane by Microwave Heating Method

A continuous and dense NaA zeolite membrane was synthesized by microwave heating method while employing a multi-step seeding LTA zeolite with the average size of 120 rim. The gas H2/N2 mixture separating results indicated that the mixture selectivity increased with increasing of synthesis times. In addition, selectivity of the three-step synthesis was higher than the value(3.74) expected from Kundsen diffusion.