Dielectric properties of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) in the liquid phase

The relative permittivity (?_r) data of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), (CAS N# 420-46-2), a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) developed as a refrigerant that has zero ozone depletion potential, is reported. The relative permittivity of HFC-143a in the liquid phase was measured using a direct capacitance method at temperatures from T = 218 to 294 K and at pressures up to P = 15 MPa, for a frequency of 10 kHz. The uncertainty of the ?_r measurements is estimated to be better than ±1.2 × 10⁻². A complete set of tables of experimental data as a function of temperature, pressure and density, is presented that covers the dielectric property needs for most engineering applications. To study the dependence of ?_r on density and temperature on a molecular basis, the theory developed by Vedam et al. and adapted by Diguet was applied to analyse the data. The Kirkwood modification of the Onsager equation was used to obtain the value of its dipole moment in the liquid phase (μ*). The apparent dipole moment obtained was μ* = 3.293 D. The effective dipole in the liquid state predicted by the Kirkwood–Frölich theory is 2.530 D. The measured values are compared with density functional and density functional self-consistent calculations (SCIPCM) of the electronic distribution and of the dipole moment of HFC-143a. Finally, the values of the isobaric thermal expansion and isothermal compressibility were estimated from the reported measurements.     

Cuprate superconductors in the vicinity of a Pomeranchuk instability

We propose that cuprate superconductors are in the vicinity of a spontaneous d-wave type Fermi surface symmetry breaking, often called a d-wave Pomeranchuk instability. This idea is explored by means of a comprehensive study of magnetic excitations within the slave-boson mean-field theory of the t-J model. We can naturally understand the pronounced xy anisotropy of magnetic excitations in untwinned YBa₂Cu₃O_y and the sizable change of incommensurability of magnetic excitations at the transition temperature to the low-temperature tetragonal lattice structure in La_2-xBa_xCuO₄. In addition, the present theoretical framework allows the understanding of the similarities and differences of magnetic excitations in Y-based and La-based cuprates.     

HFC-32和CF_3I的气相声速

1前言声速是重要的物性参数，由声速测量还可以得到理想气体热容、第二维里系数等重要物性．清华大学热能系从1987年开始进行声学法测量理想气体热容的研究山，设计了一套变程声速干涉仪，并成功地用于HFC－134a的声速和理想气体热容研究问。HFC－32与其它HFC类物质的混合物被认为是HCFC－22最有希望的替代物，CF3I的ODP为0，GWP也很低，是一种重要的各选工质．迄今为止国际上只有一套HFC－32的气相声速数据问，而CF。I尚无可用数据．作者实测了这两种工质的气相声速，并确定了其理想气体热容、声速第二维里系数及第二维里系数…     

The limiting case of Haglund's (q,t)-Schröder theorem and an involution formula

As a generalization of Haglund's statistic on Dyck paths [Conjectured statistics for the q,t-Catalan numbers, Adv. Math. 175 (2) (2003) 319–334; A positivity result in the theory of Macdonald polynomials, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98 (2001) 4313–4316], Egge et al. introduced the (q,t)-Schröder polynomial S_n,d(q,t), which evaluates to the Schröder number when q=t=1 [A Schröder generalization of Haglund's statistic on Catalan paths, Electron. J. Combin. 10 (2003) 21pp (Research Paper 16, electronic)]. In their paper, S_n,d(q,t) was conjectured to be equal to the coefficient of a hook shape on the Schur function expansion of the symmetric function e_n, which Haiman [Vanishing theorems and character formulas for the Hilbert scheme of points in the plane, Invent. Math. 149 (2002) 371–407] has shown to have a representation-theoretic interpretation. This conjecture was recently proved by Haglund [A proof of the q,t-Schröder conjecture, Internat. Math. Res. Not. (11) (2004) 525–560]. However, because that proof makes heavy use of symmetric function identities and plethystic machinery, the combinatorics behind it is not understood. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study it combinatorially. This paper investigates the limiting case of the (q,t)-Schröder Theorem and obtains interesting results by looking at some special cases.     

Resolution of the uncertainties in the radiative forcing of HFC-134a

HFC-134a (CF₃CH₂F) is the most rapidly growing hydrofluorocarbon in terms of atmospheric abundance. It is currently used in a large number of household refrigerators and air-conditioning systems and its concentration in the atmosphere is forecast to increase substantially over the next 50-100 years. Previous estimates of its radiative forcing per unit concentration have differed significantly ∼25%. This paper uses a two-step approach to resolve this discrepancy. In the first step six independent absorption cross section datasets are analysed. We find that, for the integrated cross section in the spectral bands that contribute most to the radiative forcing, the differences between the various datasets are typically smaller than 5% and that the dependence on pressure and temperature is not significant. A “recommended' HFC-134a infrared absorption spectrum was obtained based on the average band intensities of the strongest bands. In the second step, the “recommended' HFC-134a spectrum was used in six different radiative transfer models to calculate the HFC-134a radiative forcing efficiency. The clear-sky instantaneous radiative forcing, using a single global and annual mean profile, differed by 8%, between the 6 models, and the latitudinally-resolved adjusted cloudy sky radiative forcing estimates differed by a similar amount. We calculate that the radiative forcing efficiency of HFC-134a is .     

Molecular dynamics in polyethylene and ethylene-1-butene copolymer investigated by NMR methods

1H and 13C NMR spectra and 1H spin-lattice relaxation times T₁ and T_1ρ have been employed to study the structure and molecular dynamics in polyethylene and ethylene-1-butene copolymer in the temperature range from 100 to 370 K. Results are interpreted in terms of α, β and γ -relaxation, as well as methyl group rotation. The activation energies for all motions were established. The incorporation of 1-butene into ethylene chain leads to an increase of mobility in amorphous and crystalline phases as well as appearance the 13C resonance characteristic to the monoclinic structure in addition to the orthorhombic observed in both polymers. The crystallinity degree derived from T_1ρ in studied polymers is close to that determined using DSC method.     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测测定茶叶中咖啡因、表儿茶素和抗坏血酸

高效毛细管电泳电化学检测同时测定了6种茶叶中的咖啡因、表儿茶素和抗坏血酸的含量,考察了实验参数对分离、检测的影响。在最佳实验条件下,以300 靘直径的碳圆盘电极为检测电极,检测电极为1.20 V(vs.SCE),在25 mmol/L硼酸盐25 mmol/L磷酸盐(pH 7.6)的混合运行缓冲液中,上述各组分在16 min内能完全分离。咖啡因、表儿茶素和抗坏血酸在2×10-3mol/L～１×10-5 mol/L、5×10-5mol/L～5×10-7mol/L、2×10-4 mol/L～1×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检测下限分别为6×10-6mol/L、4×10-7mol/L和1×10-6mol/L。该法直接用于茶叶中咖啡因、表儿茶素和抗坏血酸的测定,结果令人满意。     

Novel Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of CCl_2F_2 over Supported PdCl_2-(n-C_4H_9)_4N~+Cl~- Molten salts

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as CCl_2F_2 have been widely used as refrigerants, blowing agent etc. due to their remarkable properties, however for the global environmental concerns, they have been prohibited in production and use because of their ozone depletion effect and greenhouse effect1. Nevertheless there are still several million tons of CFCs in use all over the world, close attentions have been paid to the operable handling techniques and environmentally benign alternatives. Amon…     

1,1,1,2,3,3,3- 七氟丙烷的气相声速

析了气相声速与理想气体比定压热容的热力学关系,用超声变程干涉仪测定了1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷(HFC-227ea)的72组气相声速值,温度范围273-333 K,压力范围26-315 kPa,测量不确定度小于0.05%。根据这些实验数据,确定了HFC-227ea的理想气体比定压热容和声速第二维里系数,并分别拟合得到了与温度的函数,理想气体比定压热容的不确定度小于0.5%。使用方阱势能模型导出了HFC-227ea的第二维里系数,并与文献值进行了比较。     

新型PVT性质测试系统的研制

研制了一套新型压力-温度-体积（PVT）性质测试系统．该系统由自行开发的测控软件实时测控,温度测量精度可达±10mK,压力测量系统最大不确定度为±1．2KPa．利用新的测试系统对294～351K温度区间的Hydrofluorocarbons（HFC）-245fa饱和蒸气压进行了研究．实验结果表明,HFC-245fa的测量值与公认文献值的平均偏差小于0．03％,最大偏差小于0．484％,结果与文献值吻合较好．