高效液相色谱法同时检测黄酒中的5-羟甲基糠醛和9种多酚

建立了黄酒中5-羟甲基糠醛和9种多酚(儿茶素、表儿茶素、绿原酸、芦丁、咖啡酸、原儿茶酸、丁香酸、阿魏酸、p-香豆酸)的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用Diamonsil C18柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,柱温为42℃,检测波长为280nm,流动相为乙腈和3%乙酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,20min内10种物质得到了较好的分离。各化合物回归方程的相关系数r为0.9911～0.9995,检出限为0.2～0.5mg/L;相对标准偏差RSD≤2.4%;10种组分的平均回收率为89.4%～98.3%;能够满足定量分析要求。实验结果表明,本方法适用于不同种类和年份黄酒中5-羟甲基糠醛和9种多酚的检测。     

Evaluation of the feasibility of the electronic tongue as a rapid analytical tool for wine age prediction and quantification of the organic acids and phenolic compounds. The case-study of Madeira wine

A set of fourteen Madeira wines comprising wines produced from four Vitis vinifera L. varieties (Bual, Malvasia, Verdelho and Tinta Negra Mole) that were 3, 6, 10 and 17 years old was analysed using HPLC and an electronic tongue (ET) multisensor system. Concentrations of 24 organic acids, phenolic and furanic compounds were determined by HPLC. The ET consisting of 26 potentiometric chemical sensors with plasticized PVC and chalcogenide glass membranes was used. Significance of the effects of age and variety on the ET response and wine composition with respect to the organic acids, phenolics and furanic derivatives were evaluated using ANOVA—Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA). Significance of the effects was estimated using a permutation test (1000 permutations). It was found that effects of age, grape variety and their interaction were significant for the HPLC data set and only the effect of age was significant for the ET data. Calibration models of the HPLC and ET data with respect to the wine age and of the ET data with respect to the concentration of the organic acids and phenolics were calculated using PLS1 regression. Models were validated using cross-validation. It was possible to predict wine age from HPLC and ET data with the accuracy in cross-validation of 2.6 and 1.8 years respectively. The ET was capable of detecting the following components (mean relative error in cross-validation is shown in the parentheses): tartaric (8%), citric (5%), formic (12%), protocatehuic (5%), vanillic (18%) and sinapic (14%) acids, catechin (6%), vanillin (12%) and trans-resveratrol (5%). The ET capability of predicting Madeira wine age with good accuracy (1.8 years) as well as quantify of some organic acids and phenolic compounds was demonstrated.     

基于MDP和动态规划的医疗检查预约调度优化方法研究

医疗检查对医生诊断病人病情具有重要作用。针对医疗检查资源的预约调度问题,考虑两台设备、三类病人且各类病人所需检查时间不同的情况。以医院在检查设备方面收益最大化为目标,建立有限时域马尔可夫决策(Markov decision process,MDP)模型,并结合动态规划理论,得出系统最优的预约排程策略。通过matlab仿真模拟医院的检查预约情况,并结合调研数据,实例验证了该预约策略相对于传统预约策略的优越性。最后,对设备的最大可用时间和住院病人的预约请求到达率模型进行敏感性分析,研究了预约策略的适用性。     

智能平台下考虑主体心理行为的医疗服务供需匹配方法

基于智能平台的新兴医疗服务模式,可以有效缓解患者“看病难”问题。本文针对智能平台下医疗服务供需双方匹配的现实问题,提出了一种考虑主体心理行为的决策方法。在该方法中,考虑了医疗服务过程中主体的期望和犹豫不确定的心理特征。首先,比较双方主体在不同指标下的期望水平和评价信息之间的差距,计算得到双方差异度,并通过集结运算分别获得了双方满意度;在此基础上,分别以医疗服务供需双方的满意度最大为目标,构建了智能平台下医疗服务供需匹配的多目标优化模型,通过模型求解可得到最优匹配结果;最后,通过算例分析说明了本文提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

奖罚权系数法在医疗效果评价中的应用

本文研究了评价医疗效果的奖罚权系数法 ,给出了奖罚权系数法的评价步骤 ,并通过具体实例验证了该法的合理性     

Representing Medical Protocols for Organizational Simulation: An Information-Processing Approach

Organizational simulations have been used in business, manufacturing, and engineering design tasks to gain insight into organizational process bottlenecks, and to improve the quality and efficiency of processes within these industries. As market pressures demand increased efficiencies within the health care industry, organizational simulation techniques could provide similar insight into the design of better medical care processes, or protocols, in medical organizations. To simulate the process of medical care within a specific organization however, requires models that can represent (1) unpredictable patient responses to care, (2) the flexibility needed to adapt to different patients, and (3) different preferences of health care professionals and the implicit preferences contained within the protocol. Using previous work on simulation in the Virtual Design Team (VDT), and an example protocol drawn from an existing protocol in bone marrow transplantation, we describe extensions to the VDT information-processing representation that will allow us to simulate the performance characteristics of a medical protocol used within a medical organization. Our representational extensions capture the uncertainty of medical care for patients, the activity flexibility within the organization, and the preferences of health care professionals that will make information-processing organizational simulations in the medical domain possible. We believe our representation will provide a robust simulation tool box that can be used to investigate the performance of specific medical protocols within different hospital settings, and explore organizational theory within the health care industry.     

Ammonium determination in wine by gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry

A procedure for the determination of ammonium is described, based on its transformation into ammonia gas and subsequent measurement by UV-visible molecular absorption spectrometry at 194 nm. Two different procedures for generating the ammonia are proposed, using NaOH solution and solid NaOH, respectively. After generation conditions for both procedures had been optimized, better sensitivity was observed with solid NaOH. In these conditions, the method showed two ranges of linear response: from 1 to 100 g and from 100 to 400 g of ammonium. Finally, we determined ammonium in wine samples. Preliminary studies indicated that the only observable interfering species was ethanol, which could be eliminated by subjecting the sample to vacuum evaporation until nearly dry. This process also increased the sensitivity of the method by as much as ten times. The values obtained from three different wine samples yielded results within the range of the concentration obtained by other authors. The recovery of ammonium added to the wine samples was around 95%.     

Trace analysis of fungicides in grape juice and wine using glass capillary gas chromatography

The fungicides Bupirimate, Fenarimol, and Vinclozolin were sprayed on Vines. The fruits were harvested 8 and 21 days after the final application and processed to juice and wine. The fungicide residues were determined by filtration of the samples throug XAD-2 after pH adjustment, elution with methylene chloride, and glass capillary gas chromatography with SE-30 as stationary phase. Residue values of the three compounds were reported before and after fermentation. The precision of the analytical method was established by spiking portuguese white wine and spanish grape juice with the three fungicides and Triadimefon. The recoveries were in the range 80%-100%, except for Vinclozolin.     

Degradable,microporous vascular prosthesis from segmented polyurethane

Small caliber (1.5 mm I. D.) vascular prostheses have been prepared from fractionated segmented polyurethane.The microporous and compliant prosthesis when implanted in the abdominal aorta of the rat, induced the growth of a neo-conduit, with a cellular structure similar to that of the natural artery. The process of growth of the neo-artery was accompanied by a progressive degradation of the prosthesis.Presented in part at the 11th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Artificial Organs, Alpbach-Innsbruck, September 1984.