Multiple cracks subjected to guided waves

The interaction of time harmonic antiplane shear waves and multiple cracks embedded in a plate is studied by using the dislocation model and images method. The effect of the wave number, incident angle and relative positions of the cracks and free surface are presented. Resonance vibrations and the relaxation phenomenon of the layer between the cracks and the free surface are discussed in detail. With the approach, the strain energy density factors (SEDFs) of edge cracks can also be derived by assuming one of the crack tips to be nearly in contact with the free surface.     

Theoretical consideration and modeling of self‐healing polymers

Bioinspired self‐healing polymers have attracted more and more interests. Imparting self‐healing ability to existing polymers or developing new polymeric materials capable of self‐healing is considered to be a solution for improving their long term stability and durability. This article reviews achievements in the field of theoretical researches on re‐establishment of bonding between broken surfaces of self‐healing polymers from microscopic and macroscopic point of view. Chains interaction, mechanical models related to healing procedures and effect of healing, design of novel self‐healing composite systems, and so forth are summarized and analyzed in detail. Both thermoplastics and thermosets are included to offer a comprehensive knowledge framework of the smart function. The scientific challenges are also highlighted, which are related to the production of more advanced self‐healing polymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011     

Analysis of Molecular and Morphological Effects on Slow Crack Growth in Modern PE Pipe Grades by Cyclic Fracture Mechanics Tests

Summary: Three different polyethylene (PE) pipe grades as well as three different lots of one of the grades were investigated by cyclic tests with cracked round bar (CRB) specimens, concerning resistance to slow crack growth. To enhance the test sensibility and proof its applicability for a quick quality assurance method various molecular and morphological characterizations on compression molded plates were carried out, with special attention on the influence of molecular and morphological differences, as well as lot to lot variations on the resistance to slow crack growth. The cyclic CRB tests allowed a ranking of the different pipe grades and lots with short testing times per material and testing machine, as a function of failure time as well as of crack initiation time with further reduction of testing time of about 50%. Moreover the ranking corresponded to the expectations based on the molecular and morphological properties of the materials, where only minor changes in the molecular mass distribution and the co-monomer concentration in case of lot to lot variations were proofed reliably.     

Characterization of thermal-shock cracks in ceramic bars

Experimental analysis of the cracking in the ceramics subsequent to water quenching have been conducted to clarify the uncertainties of cracking in the ceramics when subjected to thermal shock. The results here indicate that at the critical point of quench temperature, the crack density and the depth reached the minimum and the maximum limits, respectively. On increase of the quench temperature, the crack density increased rapidly before reaching its saturation point, while the crack depth initially decreased rapidly and then increased gradually before reaching its saturation point.     

An infrared thermal image processing framework based on superpixel algorithm to detect cracks on metal surface

Infrared thermography has been used increasingly as an effective non-destructive technique to detect cracks on metal surface. Due to many factors, infrared thermal image has low definition compared to visible image. The contrasts between cracks and sound areas in different thermal image frames of a specimen vary greatly with the recorded time. An accurate detection can only be obtained by glancing over the whole thermal video, which is a laborious work. Moreover, experience of the operator has a great important influence on the accuracy of detection result. In this paper, an infrared thermal image processing framework based on superpixel algorithm is proposed to accomplish crack detection automatically. Two popular superpixel algorithms are compared and one of them is selected to generate superpixels in this application. Combined features of superpixels were selected from both the raw gray level image and the high-pass filtered image. Fuzzy c-means clustering is used to cluster superpixels in order to segment infrared thermal image. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can recognize cracks on metal surface through infrared thermal image automatically.     

Vibration analysis of cracked post-buckled beams

Vibration analysis of cracked post-buckled beam is investigated in this study. Crack, assumed to be open, is modeled by a massless rotational spring. The beam is divided into two segments and the governing nonlinear equations of motion for the post-buckled state are derived. The solution consists of static and dynamic parts, both leading to nonlinear differential equations. The differential quadrature has been used to solve the problem. First, it is applied to the equilibrium equations, leading to a nonlinear algebraic system of equations that will be solved utilizing an arc length strategy. Next, the differential quadrature is applied to the linearized dynamic differential equations of motion and their corresponding boundary and continuity conditions. Upon solution of the resulting eigenvalue problem, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cracked beam are extracted. Several experimental as well as numerical case studies are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The investigation also includes an examination of several parameters influencing the dynamic behavior of the problem. The results show that the position and size of the crack as well as the geometric imperfection and applied load largely affect the modal shapes and natural frequencies of the beam.     

一维六方准晶中螺形位错与楔形裂纹的相互作用

采用保角映射方法和扰动技巧,研究了一维六方准晶中螺形位错和半无限楔形裂纹的相互作用. 讨论了位错的位置和楔形角对作用在位错上的力的影响,得到了应力强度因子和作用在 位错上的力的解析解.此外,还详细地讨论了位错对裂纹的影响.当楔形角参数λ=1/2时, 半无限楔形裂纹退化成半无限尖裂纹,相应的结果 可以作为特殊情况而直接得到.     

HF酸刻蚀提升熔石英亚表面划痕抗损伤性能的机理

用HF酸刻蚀熔石英元件,研究刻蚀对元件后表面划痕的形貌结构及损伤性能的影响,探索损伤阈值提升的原因.时域有限差分算法理论计算结果表明:对于含有50nm直径氧化锆颗粒的划痕,对入射光调制引发场增强的最大值是入射光强的6.1倍,且最强点位于划痕内部氧化锆颗粒附近,而结构相同但不含杂质的划痕引发的最大场增强为入射光强的3.6倍,最强区位于划痕外围;HF酸刻蚀能够有效去除划痕中的杂质,改变划痕结构,增加其宽深比值,经刻蚀的划痕对入射光调制引发场增强降低到入射光强的2.2倍.实验结果表明,经过深度刻蚀的划痕初始损伤阈值较刻蚀之前提高一倍多;光热弱吸收测试仪测试刻蚀后划痕对1 064nm激光的吸收最大值仅为230ppm.HF酸刻蚀同时可以提升元件整体损伤阈值,由于元件上无缺陷区域损伤阈值随刻蚀的深入先增加后降低,因此HF酸刻蚀应进行到元件损伤阈值提升到最大值为止.     

Delamination growth of laminated circular plates under in-plane loads and movable boundary conditions

An investigation is made on interlaminar delamination growth of composite laminated circular plates under in-plane loads and movable delamination boundary conditions. A four-dissociated-region model is developed on the basis of von-Karman plate theory. The model is geometrically nonlinear and the laminated circular plate considered is subjected to axisymmetrical delamination. The effects of transverse shear deformation and contact effect of the delamination on the laminated plates are taking into account in the development of the governing equations of the laminated circular pates with random axisymmetrical delamination. The formulas for describing the total energy release rate and its individual mode components along the delamination front are also derived with considerations of Griffith criterion for fracture. Based on the model established, the delamination growth is numerically studied; and the influences of the parameters such as delamination radii and depths, together with material properties of the plates on the energy release rate are analyzed in detail.     

Anti-plane analysis of an orthotropic strip weakened by several moving cracks

In this paper several finite cracks with constant length (Yoffe-type crack) propagating in an orthotropic strip were studied. The distributed dislocation technique is used to carry out stress analysis in an orthotropic strip containing moving cracks under anti-plane loading. The solution of a moving screw dislocation is obtained in an orthotropic strip by means of Fourier transform method. The stress components reveal the familiar Cauchy singularity at the location of dislocation. The solution is employed to derive integral equations for a strip weakened by moving cracks. Finally several examples are solved and the numerical results for the stress intensity factor are obtained. The influences of the geometric parameters, the thickness of the orthotropic strip, the crack size and speed have significant effects on the stress intensity factors of crack tips which are displayed graphically.