一种新的运动激波--非定常边界层相互干扰现象

本文探讨了一种新的激波--非定常边界层相互干扰现象.这种激波--边界层干扰现象既不同于定常激波--边界层干扰现象,又不同于激波在端面反射后与该激波所诱导的边界层之间的干扰现象,而是运动激波与稀疏波和第一激波所诱导的非定常边界层之间的干扰现象.本文对这种现象用激波动力学理论进行分析,并把这种干扰现象看成激波的绕射现象,同时在稀疏波破膜的双驱动激波管中进行实验观察.最后把理论分析与实验观察进行了比较.     

冲击波对含水炸药减敏作用的实验研究

对水胶炸药和乳化炸药在冲击波作用后的爆炸性能作了对比实验研究,结果表明水胶炸药的抗压性能明显优于乳化炸药,分析认为造成这种差别的原因是两种炸药不同的结构组分和敏化方式。用示波器捕捉两种炸药受冲击波作用前后的水中爆炸冲击波,利用冲击波参数计算炸药的减敏程度,将炸药的压力减敏作用数量化,克服了以往的研究方法只能用半爆率、拒爆率等概念计数表述的不足。     

两层流体中二维非线性界面波的演化方程

给出两水平固壁间两层不可压缩理想流体中二维非线性界面波的演化方程. 首先建立出这个演化方程,并由此方程在一定条件下得到二维非线性界面长波满足的近似方程. 然后从理论上证明这个长波近似方程包含了以下两个描述一阶界面升高的著名的浅水孤立波方程：Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)方程和Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)方程. 所得特殊结果与前人的一致, 表明所建立的二维非线性界面波演化方程正确且具有一般性.     

浅埋的圆柱形孔洞对SH波的散射与地震动

研究了浅埋的圆柱形孔洞对以任意方向入射的平面SH波的散射与地震动问题。利用复变函数和多极坐标方法构造了问题的位移解。当入射波的波长与圆孔的半径相比较小时,地震动将受到较大的影响。影响地震动有三个主要参数:(1)SH波的入射角0;(2)入射波波数,即圆柱形孔洞的半径与入射波半波长之比;(3)h/R,即圆柱形孔洞至表面的距离与圆孔半径之比。当较大时,地震动幅值变化激烈,位移幅值可出现跳动和放大的现象。当h/R增大至10～12时,位移幅值变化恢复至半空间的情况,表明圆柱形孔洞的影响可被忽略。     

促进其线性频散特征另一种形式的Bousinesq方程

Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程能够用于模拟表面重力波传播过程中的折射、绕射、反射以及浅化,非线性作用等现象．用不同垂直积分方法所得到的二维Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程形式具有不同的线性频散特征．采用两个不同的水深层的水平速度变量组合,推导出一个新形式的Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程．通过对其参数的设置可得到精确的线性频散解Ｐａｄｅ近似４阶精度．其适用范围已由原来的浅水,向深水拓进．相速误差小于２％,其拓展适用范围可达到０８个波长水深．应用所得到的新型Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程,采用有限差分法,对经典工况进行了数值模拟,其计算结果表明,计算值与物模实验值吻合较好．这说明本文新形式的Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程对变水深非线性效应所产生的能量频散有着较为精确的描述     

On the Stability of Travelling Waves Arising in Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract

The stability of travelling waves which occur when a nematic liquid crystal is subjected to crossed electric and magnetic fields has been studied previously where conditions on a control parameter q for stability to occur have been given. This article is concerned with the behaviour of the stable perturbations as time increases. For each of the three travelling wave solutions we can determine the long-term monotonic or oscillatory behaviour of the perturbations using knowledge of the spectrum of the operator governing the perturbation equation.     

Disjoining pressure and the film-height-dependent surface tension of thin liquid films: New insight from capillary wave fluctuations

In this paper we review simulation and experimental studies of thermal capillary wave fluctuations as an ideal means for probing the underlying disjoining pressure and surface tensions, and more generally, fine details of the Interfacial Hamiltonian Model. We discuss recent simulation results that reveal a film-height-dependent surface tension not accounted for in the classical Interfacial Hamiltonian Model. We show how this observation may be explained bottom-up from sound principles of statistical thermodynamics and discuss some of its implications.     

Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators on a Two‐Dimensional Plane

The effect of the transfer rate of signal molecules on coupled chemical oscillators arranged on a two‐dimensional plane was systematically investigated in this paper. A microreactor equipped with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) mixer was applied to adjust the transfer rate of the signal molecules in the microreactor. The SAW mixer with adjustable input powers provided a simple means to generate different mixing rates in the microreactor. A robust synchronization of the oscillators was found at an input radio frequency power of 20 dBm, with which the chemical waves were initiated at a fixed site of the oscillator system. With increasing input power, the frequency of the chemical waves was increased, which agreed well with the prediction given by the time‐delayed phase oscillator model. Results from the finite element simulation agreed well with the experimental results.     

Factors affecting propagating fronts of addition polymerization: Velocity,front curvature,temperatue profile,conversion, and molecular weight distribution

Several properties of propagating fronts of addition polymerization were studied. A power function could be fit to the velocity dependence on initiator concentration, but not with the exponents predicted by current models or in agreement with other published work. Bubbles from the volatile by-products of initiator decomposition were found to affect the front velocity and curvature. The front velocity for triethylene glycol dimethacrylate polymerization was found to depend linearly on temperature over a moderate range. The conversion of methacrylic acid in fronts varied greatly with initiator type and concentration. Benzoyl peroxide produced much lower conversion than t-butyl peroxide, but fronts with tBPO propagated slower. A dual initiator system of BPO and tBPO produced rapidly propagating fronts with good conversion but the contribution of each initiator to the velocity was not additive. The possibility of chain branching was considered. The apparent molecular weight distributions were very broad, often trimodal, and found to depend on initiator type and concentration as well as the tube diameter. The temperature profiles were measured and found to be very sharp for BPO and broader for tBPO but both had front temperatures in excess of 200°C, indicating a high ceiling temperature. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.