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41.
Homodyne method of measurement of polarization reflection matrix, providing the possibility of simultaneous measurement of all four complex coefficients of polarization reflection matrix in submillimeter quasi-optical (QO) circuits is presented. Technical realizability of the method for QO waveguides of the class of "hollow dielectric wavequide" is shown. 相似文献
42.
Ashley T. WilksMichael Thompson John F. Alder John G. Baker 《Analytica chimica acta》2002,468(2):323-333
A millimetre wavelength (MMW) Fabry-Perot cavity spectrometer described in earlier work has been applied to the measurement of oxygen absorption at 60 GHz and atmospheric pressure in a gas matrix of nitrogen. The spectrometer has also been modified such that the MMW source is stabilised by a sub-harmonic microwave signal transmitted by an infrared carrier on a single mode telecommunications fibre optic. This is a step towards developing an instrument comprising minimal electronic components that can perform MMW spectrometry remotely. Oxygen determinations were achieved by monitoring the change in the quality factor (Q) of a resonant Fabry-Perot cavity due to the presence of an absorbing sample. The MMW absorption of the sample was determined by incrementing the frequency modulation (FM) deviation of the source frequency scanning the cavity resonance profile. The response curve of absorption signal versus fraction of oxygen in nitrogen was found to be linear throughout the working range of 1-100% O2 (v/v) in N2 with a slope of (1.407±0.007)×10−4 m−1 (% O2)−1. The detection limit (3× standard deviation of the background) was found to be ∼0.8% (v/v). The MMW technique employed is advantageous since, unlike common MMW techniques, there is no vacuum requirement. Application of this method, to the monitoring of oxygen in gas mixtures of practical importance, is proposed. Values of the oxygen spectral absorption coefficients of lines between 55 and 60 GHz were measured at reduced pressure and found to be within ±2% of previous literature values. A pressure correction coefficient for O2 absorption at 60 GHz in the 45-121 kPa range was obtained and found to be (1.354±0.014)×10−4 m−1 kPa−1. 相似文献
43.
Synthesis and Structure of Copper(I)Chalcogenolate-2,2′-Bipyridine Complexes [CuS(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)]4(Bipy)2 and [CuSe(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)]2(Bipy)2 The oligomeric homoleptical copper(I) chalcogenolate compounds [CuS(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)]x=4,8 and [CuSe(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)]6 react with 2,2′-bipyridine (Bipy) to yield the tetranuclear complex [CuS(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)]4(Bipy)2 ( 4 ) and the dinuclear complex [CuSe(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)]2(Bipy)2 ( 5 ). The structures of 4 and 5 were determined by X-ray analysis. In the eight-membered Cu4S4 core of 4 with chair conformation the copper atoms are linked by μ2-bridging selenolate ligands. Only two copper atoms are coordinated by 2,2′bipyridine. The corresponding copper(I) selenolate complex ( 5 ) forms a folded four-membered Cu2Se2 ring with μ2-bridging selenolate ligands. The Cu? Cu distance of 2.52 Å is relatively short. In contrast to the reaction performed with 2,2′-bipyridine, addition of phenantroline to 1 respectively 2 yields a dinuclear complex [CuS(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)]2(Phen)2 ( 10 ). NMR spectroskopic and cryoscopic measurement of 4 show that this complex dissociates into smaller fragments in solution which undergo rapid exchange reactions. However, corresponding investigations performed on 5 indicate that the solid state structure is maintained in solution. The electrochemical behaviour of 4, 5 and 10 was studied in CH2Cl2 and in any case no reversible redox processes could be observed. 相似文献
44.
V. Kornas V. Schulz-von der Gathen T. Bornemann H. F. Döbele G. Prosz 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》1991,11(2):171-184
The application of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) to an electric are test reactor is described in which acetylene synthesis in analogy to the large-scale industrial process is .studied. We report on spatially resolved measurements of H2-CARS spectra, the comparison with calculated spectra, and the determination of temperatures in the reaction zone.Dedicated to Prof. Rudolf Wienecke on the occasion of his 65 birthday. 相似文献
45.
Mao-Peng Lin Haeng-Boo Kim Tomiki Ikeda Takeshi Endo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1992,30(11):2365-2369
Benzyl cation was detected by transient absorption spectroscopy with a spectroscopic multichannel analyzer on pulse excitation (fourth harmonic of Nd:YAG laser, 266 nm; 10 ns fwhm) of benzyl(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate(BSS) in 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC). The benzyl cation was long-lived (lifetime, 59 ms) at room temperature and quenched by a vinyl ether compound. The formation of the benzyl cation as active species on photolysis of BSS is in contrast to the formation of Brønsted acids in other sulfonium salts so far reported. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
46.
Different copper/zirconium-yttrium catalysts have been tested in carbon black oxidation reaction. Supported mainly on differential thermal analysis and temperature programmed reduction, two different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the catalytic results. In the absence of copper, it has been shown that Zr3+ ions and associated anionic vacancies are responsible to the catalytic enhancement observed in the mixed oxides, oxygen species being activated on these sites. Among mixed zirconia-yttria solids, ZrO2-5 mol%Y2O3 is the most active catalyst. Copper impregnation on these oxides leads to the formation of different copper species. Small particles of CuO in low interaction with the support, induce a catalytic improvement due to the highest reducibility of these species. Moreover, in order to be more efficient, CuO species should have some interactions with the support, since impregnated samples are more active than the simple mechanical mixtures. 相似文献
47.
The effects of Brij 35 micelles, CTABr micelles, and mixed Brij 35–CTABr micelles on the acid–base behavior of phenyl salicylate (PST) have been studied in aqueous solution containing 2% v/v acetonitrile. The apparent pKb (pKappb) of PST is decreased by 1.5 pK units with the increase in [Brij 35] from 0 to 0.02 M which is attributed to micellar medium effect. The values of pKappb remain almost independent of [CTABr] within its range 0.01–0.03 M. The increase in [CTABr] from 0 to 0.03 M in aqueous solution containing 0.02 M Brij 35 has not resulted in a change in pKappb. This shows that the characeristic structural features of nonionic Brij 35 micelles remain essentially unchanged on addition of CTABr under the present experimental conditions. 相似文献
48.
A method for the determination of the dynamic surface tension of surfactant solutions is presented which allows to cover adsorption times down to 10 seconds. This method is based on the determination of the pressure inside two communicating bubbles. There is no deformation of the solution/air interface during the experimental procedure. Hence, in evaluating the kinetic data no surface area enlargement has to be taken into account. An automatically operating procedure should allow to cover adsorption times down to approximately one second and should improve the measuring accuracy substantially. Experimental investigations with aqueous n-decanoic acid solutions using the method proposed provided evidence that decanoic acid is adsorbed by a diffusioncontrolled mechanism. 相似文献
49.
Max Herberhold Udo Drfler Bemd Wrackmeyer 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》1997,530(1-2):117-120
1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-1,2-dibora-[2]ferrocenophane (1) was prepared by the reaction of 1,1′-dilithioferrocene with 1,2-dichlorobis(dimethylamino)diborane(4). In addition to hindered rotation about the B-N bond (ΔG‡ > 80 kJ mol−1), another dynamic process was revealed by 1H and 13C NMR in solution at low temperature, and interpreted as motion of the cyclopentadienyl rings between staggered and eclipsed conformations (ΔG(233 K)‡ = 44 ± 1 kJ mol−1). 相似文献
50.
The ternary rare-earth nickel arsenides R3Ni7As5 (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) were prepared by arc melting the elemental components and subsequent annealing at T=1070 K. The crystal structure of Ce3Ni7As5 was determined from single-crystal X-ray data: space group Pmmn, Z=2; a=1.24210(6), b=0.40797(2), c=0.96436(5) nm, RF=0.037 (Rw=0.044); 596 independent reflections; 53 variable parameters. It is a new structure type, which belongs to the family of BaAl4-related structures. The magnetic properties are as follows: La3Ni7As5 is a Pauli-type paramagnet above 4.2 K, Pr3Ni7As5 remains paramagnetic in the temperature range investigated and Nd3Ni7As5 undergoes a ferromagnetic ordering at TC=24 K. Sm3Ni7As5 orders antiferromagnetically at a Néel temperature of TN=18 K followed by a spin flip towards parallel spin-alignment below TC=6 K. Ce3Ni7As5 reveals a strong deflection of the linear temperature dependence of the inverse susceptibility due to an intermediate valence behavior. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivities for the La, Pr, Nd, Sm containing samples corroborates with the metallic state of the non-magnetic (La) and the magnetically ordered compounds, whereas in case of Ce3Ni7As5 the resistivity seems to be determined by an interplay of Kondo scattering and crystalline field effects. LIII X-ray absorption spectra confirm the demagnetization effects owing from valence fluctuations, the actual valence thereby changes from ν=3.10-3.14 at room temperature and 10 K, respectively. 相似文献