全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11029篇 |
免费 | 883篇 |
国内免费 | 4249篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 14368篇 |
晶体学 | 74篇 |
力学 | 85篇 |
综合类 | 90篇 |
数学 | 21篇 |
物理学 | 1523篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 35篇 |
2023年 | 211篇 |
2022年 | 339篇 |
2021年 | 391篇 |
2020年 | 513篇 |
2019年 | 557篇 |
2018年 | 477篇 |
2017年 | 533篇 |
2016年 | 518篇 |
2015年 | 506篇 |
2014年 | 687篇 |
2013年 | 914篇 |
2012年 | 769篇 |
2011年 | 896篇 |
2010年 | 699篇 |
2009年 | 745篇 |
2008年 | 802篇 |
2007年 | 819篇 |
2006年 | 721篇 |
2005年 | 638篇 |
2004年 | 638篇 |
2003年 | 532篇 |
2002年 | 388篇 |
2001年 | 391篇 |
2000年 | 369篇 |
1999年 | 290篇 |
1998年 | 271篇 |
1997年 | 281篇 |
1996年 | 211篇 |
1995年 | 199篇 |
1994年 | 176篇 |
1993年 | 210篇 |
1992年 | 126篇 |
1991年 | 77篇 |
1990年 | 78篇 |
1989年 | 51篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 28 毫秒
11.
A nanomaterials-based novel molecular beacon has attracted growing attentions in fluorescent assays as many nanomaterials possess excellent quenching efficiency. In this work, a gold-based nanobeacon probe was established to detect organophosphorus pesticides for the first time. The constructed gold-based nanobeacon acted as a signal indicator and could display the decreasing of the intensity in the presence of targets, which competitively bound to single strand DNA. To achieve a high sensitive probe, some parameters including solution pH, temperature and reaction time were investigated and optimized. The gold-based nanobeacon probe assay was proved to be rapid and sensitive to achieve a detection limit of 0.035 μM for isocarbophos, 0.134 μM for profenofos, 0.384 μM for phorate and 2.35 μM for omethoate, respectively. The prepared nanobeacon effectively reduced the background and improved the detection sensitivity and selectivity. The probe is stable, easy to operate and does not need sophisticated instruments. These features makes the probe feasible for screening trace organophosphorus pesticides in real samples. 相似文献
12.
Sung Hwan Koo Dong Jun Li Taeyeong Yun Dong Sung Choi Kyung Eun Lee Gil Yong Lee Youngtak Oh Joonwon Lim Suchithra Padmajan Sasikala Ho Jin Lee In Ho Kim Hong Ju Jung Rishabh Jain Sang Ouk Kim 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2019,36(7)
Efficient water electrolysis catalyst is highly demanded for the production of hydrogen as a sustainable energy fuel. It is reported that cobalt derived nanoparticle (CoS2, CoP, CoS|P) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite aerogel catalysts for highly active and reliable hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts. 7 nm level cobalt derived nanoparticles are synthesized over graphene aerogel surfaces with excellent surface coverage and maximal expose of active sites. CoS|P/rGO hybrid aerogel composites show an excellent catalytic activity with overpotential of ≈169 mV at a current density of ≈10 mA cm?2. Accordingly, efficient charge transfer is attained with Tafel slope of ≈52 mV dec?1 and a charge transfer resistance (Rct) of ≈12 Ω. This work suggests a viable route toward ultrasmall, uniform nanoparticles decorated graphene surfaces with well‐controlled chemical compositions, which can be generally useful for various applications commonly requiring large exposure of active surface area as well as robust interparticle charger transfer. 相似文献
13.
Ping Chen Yanhong Hao Xinxin Wang Prof. Dr. Dan Yuan Prof. Dr. Yingming Yao Prof. Dr. Lutz Ackermann 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(30):7292-7297
Highly position selective alkylations of N-alkylindoles at C7-positions have been enabled by cationic zirconium complexes. The strategy provides a straightforward access to install alkyl groups at C7-positions of indoles without a complex directing group. Mechanistic studies provided support for the importance of Brønsted acids in the catalytic manifold. 相似文献
14.
Shufeng Zuo 《Applied Surface Science》2006,253(5):2508-2514
Al-pillared clays supported rare earths (RE/Al-PILC) are prepared and used as supports of palladium catalysts for deep oxidation of low concentrations of benzene (130-160 ppm). The supports and catalysts are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, BET, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results show that Al-pillaring results in a strong increase in the basal spacing (d0 0 1) from about 1.2 to 1.8 nm, and an increase in the BET surface area from 63.6 (±3.2) to 238.8 (±11.9) m2/g. Activity tests of deep oxidation of low concentration benzene show catalysts supported on Al-PILC and RE/Al-PILC are obviously more active than that on raw clay. Pd/6% Ce/Al-PILC, in particular, can catalyze the complete oxidation of low concentration benzene at a temperature as low as about 290 °C. 相似文献
15.
Gang Wang Xiulin Zhu Zhenping Cheng Jian Zhu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(9):2912-2921
A series of (di)picolinic acids and their derivates are investigated as novel complexing tridentate or bidentate ligands in the iron‐mediated reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in N,N‐dimethylformamide at 100 °C with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrontrile as an initiator. The polymerization rates and polydispersity indices (1.32–1.8) of the resulting polymers are dependent on the structures of the ligands employed. Different iron complexes may be involved in iron‐mediated reverse atom transfer radical polymerization, depending on the type of acid used. 1H NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of the resulting polymers. Chain‐extension reactions have been performed to further confirm the living nature of this catalytic system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2912–2921, 2006 相似文献
16.
We report studies on the structure of the metallic core and the alkyl cap layer in monolayer protected gold nanoparticles having sizes down to 1.6 nm. These particles are obtained by laser ablating gold targets in alkane-thiol solutions at different concentrations. The electronic structure of gold core and the vibrational properties of the capping hydrocarbon chains reveal effects connected with the nanosized nature of the particles. 相似文献
17.
以金属钇和异丙醇为原料,以HgCl2/I2为复合催化剂,通过对金属钇的机械加工以增加其比表面,并将异丙醇脱水使其含水量降低至0.05%,体系在82℃回流5h,经过滤、减压蒸馏,得到了白色海绵状异丙醇钇,其产率高达83%,合成时间比文献报道的缩短了19h,产率提高了8%。文章确定了催化剂的最佳用量为20gY加入60mg HgCl2/I2,研究了合成产率与HgCl2/I2催化剂和HgCl2催化剂的依赖关系及异丙醇中含水量对合成产率的影响,并对HgCl2/I2的催化作用机理进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
18.
Juzo Oyamada 《Tetrahedron》2006,62(29):6918-6925
Synthesis of coumarins from phenols and propiolic acids was examined by using a Pt catalyst such as PtCl2/AgOTf, K2PtCl4/AgOTf, and K2PtCl4/AgOAc. Propiolic acid reacted even with less reactive phenols in trifluoroacetic acid to give coumarins and dihydrocoumarins. In the case of substituted propiolic acids, phenylpropiolic acid and 2-octynoic acid, the reactions proceeded selectively to afford coumarins in good to high yields. 相似文献
19.
C. Maurel 《Surface science》2006,600(2):442-447
Light emitted in the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope has been used to establish the electrical characteristics of nanojunctions made of Au islands deposited on flat MoS2 surfaces. It is shown that these characteristics are those of rectifying contacts when the gold islands are isolated and that they evolve toward those of ohmic contacts when the island density increases. It is observed that the rectifying behavior also evolves over time as on infinite metal/semiconductor contacts. Using the STM tip, single gold islands can be manipulated on the MoS2 surface so that their electrical behavior can be changed depending on their position with regard to the other islands. 相似文献
20.