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81.
Measurements of the complex permittivity, ε*?=?ε′ – iε″, within the frequency range 200 Hz to 10 MHz for 15 laterally fluoro-substituted terphenyls have been conducted. In most cases the substances exhibited the nematic phase over a broad temperature range. All substances were characterised by negative dielectric anisotropy, and are potentially useful for vertical alignment mode systems. The static permittivity tensor components have been analysed in relation to the dipole structure of the molecules. Dielectric relaxation processes observed in the liquid crystalline (LC) and solid rotator (R) phases (obtained by slow cooling of the samples) are characterised by calculation of the relaxation times and activation barriers. The rotation motions around the short axes are typical for LC phases, whereas rotations about the long axes, accompanied in some cases by internal motions, are present in the R phase. 相似文献
82.
Dr. James Biggs Dr. Karsten Danielmeier Dr. Julia Hitzbleck Dr. Jens Krause Tom Kridl Dr. Stephan Nowak Dr. Enrico Orselli Dr. Xina Quan Dirk Schapeler Will Sutherland Dr. Joachim Wagner 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2013,52(36):9409-9421
We present the development and applications of dielectric elastomers. For the last 10 years the significance of this class of polymers has risen as more applications seem possible and first products have been commercialized. 相似文献
83.
Zourab Brodzeli Andrew Michie Qi Guo Evgeny P. Pozhidaev Vladimir Chigrinov 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(10):1427-1435
We present a detailed theoretical and experimental study of the reflectance response of a deformed-helix ferroelectric (DHF) liquid crystal (LC) cell to an applied voltage under cross-polarisers. Using a model based on the effective dielectric tensor approximation, we derive simple analytical formulas to design a LC cell with maximum modulation depth and optimal linearity of the electro-optical response intensity versus the electric field. Our experimental results show that the cell works at frequencies up to 10 kHz and exhibits excellent linearity, with a total harmonic distortion as low as ?70 dB. These findings suggest that DHF-LCs can be exploited to develop simple and accurate optical sensors. 相似文献
84.
85.
Hasan M. El Ghanem Saa’Di Abdul Jawad Yazan A. Hussain Adnan S. Abu-Surrah 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2014,53(5):878-892
Impedance spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the dielectric properties, ac conductivity and charge transport mechanisms in propylene-alt-CO/ethylene-alt-CO (EPEC) random terpolymer filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a function of nanofiller content, frequency, and temperature. Equivalent resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit models were proposed to describe the impedance characteristics of the unfilled terpolymer and the nanocomposite at different temperatures. For the nanocomposites, the ac conductivity tended to be frequency independent at low frequencies. At high frequencies, the ac conductivity increased with frequency. The dc conductivity (i.e., plateau of the ac conductivity at low frequencies) at room temperature increased from 10?9 (Ω·m)?1 for the unfilled polymer to l0?3 (Ω·m)?1 for the 6 wt% MWCNT/EPEC nanocomposite. At low temperatures, the equivalent RC model for EPEC-0 and EPEC-2 was found to consist of a parallel RC circuit. However, for 6 wt% MWCNT/EPEC nanocomposite, an RC model consisting of an R/constant phase element (CPE) circuit and a resistor in series was required to describe the impedance behavior of the nanocomposite. 相似文献
86.
We present freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM), dielectric spectroscopy and electro-optic measurements on a dimeric liquid crystal mixture, which previously was proposed to form the twist-bend nematic (Ntb) phase. Our FF-TEM studies provide a direct image of a 10.5 nm periodic structure, consistent with the expected nanoscale, heliconical twist-bend modulation of the molecular orientation. Dielectric measurements in the 100 Hz to 10 MHz range reveal three nearly Debye-type dispersion processes in the nematic and the twist-bend phase. Low frequency 8 V/µm electric fields applied on planar cells cause the optical-scale stripe texture (another characteristic feature of the Ntb phase) to disappear. Higher (>16 V/µm) fields gradually realign the heliconical axis along the electric field; it relaxes back after the field removal. 相似文献
87.
The geometrical anisotropy in the shape of swallow-tailed ST liquid crystalline molecules results in an extremely strong tendency of an antiparallel order in the short range. Dielectric measurements on a binary system of a ST and a double ST compound show that even at a mole fraction of 0.5 this effect can be observed. The strong deviations from the statistical distribution of the directions of the molecular long axis is caused by the asymmetric repulsive forces and the dipole-dipole interaction. 相似文献
88.
89.
Hsuan-Wei Lee Li-Ming Chang Ying-Ling Liu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2021,59(17):1912-1918
Cyclic siloxane is an attractive building block for incorporation of silicon-containing units as well as their distinguished properties to polymer materials. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of a tetra-functional vinylbenzene compound possessing cyclic siloxane cores (cD4-4VB). Synthesis of cD4-4VB is carried out using cD4-4SiH as the reactive precursor and multiple-step reactions, including hydrosilylation, deacetylation, and SN2 substitution. cD4-4VB is an effective monomer for preparation of the corresponding cyclic silicon-based thermosetting resins (CR-cD4-4VB). CR-cD4-4VB shows attractive film formability and good thermo-mechanical properties, including a storage modulus of 2.0 GPa, a glass transition temperature of 282°C, a thermal stability above 400°C, a high char yield (at 800°C in nitrogen) of 55 wt%, and a dielectric constant of 3.12 at 10 GHz. This kind of resins have potential of application for halogen-free flame retardants and high-performance polymer films. 相似文献
90.
Weimin Xia Zhuo Xu Qiuping Zhang Zhicheng Zhang Yuanqing Chen 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2012,50(18):1271-1276
Thermal processing at various temperatures has been used to fabricate poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐co‐TrFE)] films with varied crystalline properties in an attempt to improve their piezoelectric properties. Although the dielectric constant of the films annealed at higher temperature is smaller than that of cooled and quenched ones, it has been shown that the annealed films possess larger crystallinity and stacked lamellar crystal grain size. The ferroelectric domains deriving from crystal region in all the samples are effectively improved by hot polarization. As a result, the remnant polarizations (Pr) and coercive electric field (Ec) of the corresponding films are improved at a low frequency due to the response of dipoles in crystal phase, and the largest piezoelectric constant in the longitudinal thickness mode (d33=?25 pC/N) is obtained in an annealed copolymer film. The results illustrate improving the crystal structure of P(VDF‐co‐TrFE) is an effective way to realize high electromechanical properties, which provides broadly applied scenery for this kind of copolymer in piezoelectric components. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012 相似文献