EELS studies of surface phonons on Ag(111)

High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy is used to study surface phonons in the direction of qG on Ag(111). The gap mode (S₂) at in the surface Brillouin zone is measured for the first time. We have also measured the Rayleigh mode and the resonance mode up to the zone boundary. The results are complementary to the earlier He atom scattering measurements and are in good agreement with the first-principles calculations performed recently.     

Adatom concentration on GaAs(001) during MBE annealing

We study the concentration of adatoms on GaAs(001) during annealing under MBE conditions. By rapidly cooling the sample from typical growth temperatures and typical As overpressures, the thermal concentration of adatoms can be frozen into small islands on the terraces. The area of the resulting islands is measured with STM far from terrace steps, giving an estimate of the concentration of adatoms during equilibrium. We find that a surprisingly large concentration of adatoms is present for typical growth temperatures, e.g. 0.18 monolayer at 600°C. Possible consequences for current growth models are discussed.     

The adsorption and decomposition of NO on Pd(110)

The sticking probability of nitric oxide (NO) on Pd(110) and the relative selectivity of the surface to nitrogen (N₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) production has been measured as a function of coverage and as a function of surface and gas temperatures using a molecular beam. It is found that, at low temperatures (<440 K), molecular adsorption occurs with an initial sticking probability of 0.40 ± 0.02, rising quickly to a maximum of about 0.48 ± 0.02 as coverage increases before falling towards saturation. Following adsorption at 170 K four distinct adsorption sites can be identified by subsequent TPD. Hence, if beaming occurs at a temperature above the TPD peak due to a given site, then that site cannot be populated and the saturation coverage is found to be reduced. At higher temperatures (440–650 K) the sticking probability is seen to decrease continuously as a function of coverage. At a given NO uptake, the sticking probability falls with temperature indicating that the rate of NO desorption is significant in this temperature range. In addition, dissociation occurs leading to the desorption of nitrogen and nitrous oxide leaving only oxygen adatoms on the surface. The oxygen adatoms poison further reaction but can be cleaned off, even at the lowest temperature at which dissociation occurs, by hydrogen or carbon monoxide. At the low temperature end of this range more nitrous oxide is produced than nitrogen but this ratio falls with temperature until, above 600 K, there is 100% selectivity to the production of nitrogen which we propose is due to the low lifetime of molecular NO on the surface. However, at such high temperatures, reaction only occurs on a few sites probably located at the few step edges present on the crystal.     

Palladium island growth on Ni(111) Stochastic classical trajectory — ghost atom calculations

We generalize previous stochastic classical trajectory-ghost atom calculations for describing palladium deposition onto the Ni(111) surface between 0.1 and 0.5 monolayers. The growth evolves through two-dimensional islands. The islands are formed following the downward funneling mechanism. Surface temperature does not affect the island growth.     

温州河网沉积物中重金属分布特征与污染评价

为了调查温州河网沉积物中重金属的分布特征与污染程度,共采集了29个样,用AFS-9230原子荧光光度计和ICP-OES全谱直读电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定样品中重金属元素含量,克里格插值图反映重金属元素的空间分布,根据内梅罗指数法建立综合地累积指数进行污染评价,利用Pearson系数法,主成分分析法进行源分析。结果表明：在不同样点重金属含量差异明显,其中Cd和Zn含量最高点为主河道城市与工业集中区,As,Pb,Hg,Cu,Ni,Cr含量最高点为机械工业园区,沉积物受到Hg,Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni和Cr污染,区域污染程度机械工业园＞主河道城市区＞三垟湿地区＞城市周边区＞水源地区,Hg,Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni和Cr具有相似的源,且以人为源为主。     

甲烷-煤尘爆炸物火焰传播特性

 在10 m³的爆炸罐中对体积分数为8%的甲烷和75 g/m³煤尘的混合物进行了系统的燃烧爆炸实验。分别利用光测方法和压力方法得到了爆炸物的层流燃烧速度、火焰传播速度、火焰厚度、马克斯坦长度以及爆炸特征值的变化规律。结果表明,在常温常压下,当点火能为40 J时：利用光测法得到的8%甲烷与75 g/m³煤尘混合物的燃烧速度为0.437 m/s,而根据压力-时间关系得到的混合物燃烧速度为0.459 m/s,两者符合较好;用火焰厚度与马克斯坦长度判定的火焰发展趋势相同,即向外传播的火焰趋于稳定;爆炸物的爆炸特征值最大值出现在0.5 m处,壁面的爆炸特征值偏小。     

分离重组错位通道微混合器混合及结构研究

本文对基于非对称分离重组原理优化得到的错位通道微混合器的混合特性进行了数值模拟,并采用混合强度值作为衡量指标。结果表明,Re在1到80的变化范围内,微混合器的混合效果受通道几何结构参数影响较大,即主次通道上错位通道结构的布置有利于提高微混合器的混合强度。综合考虑混合性能和微通道内压降变化等条件,当错位通道结构参数ω₃/ω₄=1时,非对称分离重组错位通道微混合器的混合强度可提高到86%左右。     

Photonic crystal refractive index sensing based on sandwich structure

An ultracompact refractive index sensing based on the sandwich structure of photonic crystal is presented and demonstrated with solutions of water, methylsilicone and silicone. The performances of the sensor are analyzed theoretically by using Fabry-Perot cavity mode, the change in opposite direction between the transmission of the refractive index sensing and its quality factor is derived. The experimental results are consistent with the results of theoretical analysis.     

戈壁地区近地面大气折射率结构常数的统计分析

利用温度脉动仪对2010年412月库尔勒戈壁地区近地面大气折射率结构常数进行了测量,按月对测量数据进行了对数平均。根据对数平均值对日变化特征进行了分析,并对大气湍流强弱时段进行了统计。研究结果显示:戈壁地区大气湍流在日落时段较日出时段弱;日出转换时刻,均值湍流强度在10-15 m-2/3以下,日落转换时刻,均值湍流强度在10-16 m-2/3左右; 4,6,8,9月份的近地面大气湍流强度较强,5,7,10月份居中,11,12月份较弱。     

多孔微结构光纤中飞秒激光脉冲超连续谱的产生

报道了利用800nm飞秒激光脉冲在多孔微结构光纤中产生超连续谱展宽的现象，连续谱展宽范围为440—890nm.基于标量波近似理论对微结构光纤包层的有效折射率和基模的有效面积以及光纤的色散特性进行了计算，发现微结构光纤具有特殊的控制色散和波导特性的能力，对超连续谱展宽的机理进行了初步解释.本文的理论分析和实验结果有较好的一致性，认为即使包层由无序填充气线组成的多孔微结构光纤也可以出现超连续谱展宽效应. 关键词： 多孔微结构光纤 超连续谱 有效折射率 色散