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HUANG Xiao-wen SHI Peng-fei 《高等学校化学研究》2006,22(1):73-75
IntroductionLithium ion batteries are key components of mobiletelephones and portable computers.Among the knownLi-intercalation materials for lithium ion battery cath-odes,LiCoO2,LiNiO2,and LiMn2O4have been stud-ied extensively[1—3].LiCoO2is nowused in c… 相似文献
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在实验上首次发现,粘土矿物为固体粒子的体系的E%-pH曲线之离子强度效应是“先右后左摆动现象”;而水合氧化物为固体粒子的体系则是“向左单向移动现象”。对应的等温线之离子强度效应则是“先下后上摆动”和“单向上移”现象,两类四现象一致。为解释上述诸现象,提出液-固界面分级离子/配位子交换-静电交换的复合模型作统一解释和定量处理。由粘土矿物和水合氧化物两类物质的结构可知,前者可发生两类交换作用,彼此消长时曲线位置产生双向摆动;后者只有界面分级离子/配位子交换,故曲线位置单向移动。模型计算结果与实验吻合。 相似文献
114.
采用SCF-X_α-MS方法, 对于C(2×2)S/Fe(001)吸附体系, 选择Fe_5S和Fe_9S两种原子簇模型, 研究了该吸附体系的电子结构、吸附成键特征及其相互作用图象。结果表明, S吸附于Fe(001)单晶表面具有较强的定域性质, S原子与底物Fe原子之间的吸附相互作用主要表现为S(3p)-Fe(4s,3d)之间的轨道相互作用。通过对表面吸附键长的优化, 其结果与X.S.Zhang等的ARPEFS的实验结果一致。 相似文献
115.
Pt/Al2O3蜂窝状催化剂上NO选择性催化还原反应动力学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用多次涂层和浸渍法制备了蜂窝状Pt/Al2O3催化剂,并在高空速和大气体流量条件下对无梯度循环式反应器和积分反应器上催化剂的活性进行了比较。同时采用循环式反应器对动力学数据进行了测定。根据Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型和实验结果,推测了NO-C3H6-O2体系的SCR反应机理,并导出了NO和C3H6反应速率的数学表达式。据此所计算的理论模拟值能够与实验值很好地吻合。实验结果表明,氧气浓度对NO和C3H6的反应速率有明显的影响,二者均随着氧浓度c (O2)的增加达到峰值,再增加氧气浓度时,C3H6的反应速率r(C3H6)保持不变,而NO反应速率r (NO)却下降,而且下降的程度随着温度的升高而加剧。同时,随着氧气浓度增加,r (NO)达到最大值时的温度亦随之下降。 相似文献
116.
β-环糊精与两性表面活性剂相互作用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用表面张力法研究了β-环糊精与十一烷基酰胺甲酸钠(C11H23CONHCOONa,SF)两性表面活性剂在不同温度下的包结作用。结果表明:SF的表面张力值(β)及表观临界胶束浓度(cmc*)加入β-CD后增加,β-CD浓度越大,γ和cmc*增加越多,且SF的cmc*与β-CD浓度存在线性关系,随温度的升高,两性表面活性剂的表面张力值降低,意味着它们的表面活性随温度升高而增强。利用表面张力测定了β-CD-SF体系在不同温度下的包结形成常数Ka,进而求得了包结过程的焓变和熵变,结果表明,该过程是焓和熵均有利的过程,进一步说明疏水作用是形成包结物最重要的的作用力之一。 相似文献
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The threat and global concern of energy crises have significantly increased over the last two decades. Because solar light and water are abundant on earth, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through water splitting has been considered as a promising route to produce green energy. Therefore, semiconductor photocatalysts play a key role in transforming sunlight and water to hydrogen energy. To date, various photocatalysts have been studied. Among them, TiO2 has been extensively investigated because of its non-toxicity, high chemical stability, controllable morphology, and high photocatalytic activity. In particular, 1D TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) have attracted increasing attention as effective photocatalysts because of their unique 1D electron transfer pathway, high adsorption capacity, and high photoinduced electron–hole pair transfer capability. However, TiO2 NFs are considered as an inefficient photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) because of their disadvantages such as a large band gap (~3.2 eV) and fast recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. Therefore, the development of a high-performance TiO2 NF photocatalyst is required for efficient solar light conversion. In recent years, several strategies have been explored to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 NFs, including coupling with narrow-bandgap semiconductors (such as ZnIn2S4). Recently, microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis has been considered as an important strategy for the preparation of photocatalyst semiconductors because of its low cost, environment-friendliness, simplicity, and high reaction rate. Herein, to overcome the above-mentioned limiting properties of TiO2 NFs, we report a 2D/1D ZnIn2S4/TiO2 S-scheme heterojunction synthesized through a microwave (MW)-assisted process. Herein, the 2D/1D ZnIn2S4/TiO2 S-scheme heterojunction was constructed rapidly by using in situ 2D ZnIn2S4nanosheets decorated on 1D TiO2 NFs. The loading of ZnIn2S4 nanoplates on the TiO2 NFs could be easily controlled by adjusting the molar ratios of ZnIn2S4 precursors to TiO2 NFs. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples for water splitting under simulated solar light irradiation was assessed. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the ZnIn2S4/TiO2 composites was significantly improved, and the obtained ZnIn2S4/TiO2 composites showed increased optical absorption. Under optimal conditions, the highest HER rate of the ZT-0.5 (molar ratio of ZnIn2S4/TiO2= 0.5) sample was 8774 μmol·g-1·h-1, which is considerably higher than those of pure TiO2 NFs (3312 μmol·g-1·h-1) and ZnIn2S4nanoplates (3114 μmol·g-1·h-1) by factors of 2.7 and 2.8, respectively. Based on the experimental data and Mott-Schottky analysis, a possible mechanism for the formation of the S-scheme heterojunction between ZnIn2S4 and TiO2 was proposed to interpret the enhanced HER activity of the ZnIn2S4/TiO2heterojunctionphotocatalysts.
相似文献
119.
Electrospraying/electrospinning of poly(γ-stearyl-L-glutamate) (PSLG) was investigated on a series solutions with different concentrations in chloroform. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the electrosprayed/electrospun polypeptide mats. It was found that electrospraying of PSLG with concentrations lower than 16 wt% afforded beads, while microfibers could be electrospun at the concentration of 22 wt%. The hydrophobicity of the electrosprayed/electrospun PSLG mats was investigated with static water contact angle (WCA) and tilt angle measurements. It was demonstrated that the superhydrophobic surfaces of PSLG with WCAs and tilt angles in the ranges of 150°-170° and 16.5°-4.2°, respectively, were obtained through electrospraying/electrospinning process. 相似文献
120.
以ZnO纳米柱阵列为模板, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出TiO2/ZnO和N掺杂TiO2/ZnO的复合纳米管阵列. 扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)的结果表明: 两种阵列的纳米管均为六角形结构, 直径约为100 nm, 壁厚约为20 nm; 在N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列中, 掺入的N离子主要是以N-Ox、N-C和N-N的形式化学吸附在纳米管表面, 仅有少量的N离子以取代式掺杂的方式占据TiO2晶格O的位置; 表面N物种形成的表面态能级和取代式掺杂导致带隙的窄化, 增强了纳米管阵列的光吸收效率, 促进了光生载流子的分离. 光催化实验结果表明, N离子的掺杂有利于N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列光催化活性的提高. 相似文献