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11.
Analytical solutions of the diffusion equations to obtain the diffusant concentrations in the macro- and micropores which constitute the pore system of a zeolite bed are presented. The parameter which determines the influence of each pore type on the evolution of the adsorbate/adsorbant system towards the equilibrium state is described. Examples are given to illustrate a qualitative and quantitative study based on the curves obtained from these equations. 相似文献
12.
Benoit B. Mandelbrot 《Journal of statistical physics》1984,34(5-6):895-930
The three topics discussed in this paper are largely independent. Part 1: Fractal squig clusters are introduced, and it is shown that their properties can match to a remarkable extent those of percolation clusters at criticality. Physics on these new geometric shapes should prove tractable. As background, the author's theories of squig intervals and squig trees are reviewed, and restated in more versatile form. Part 2: The notion of latent fractal dimensionality is introduced and motivated by the desire to simplify the algebra of dimensionality. Scaling noises are touched upon. A common formalism is presented for three forms of anomalous diffusion: the ant in the fractal labyrinth, fractional Brownian motion, and Lévy stable motion. The fractal dimensionalities common to diverse shapes generated by diffusion are given, in Table I, as functions of the latent dimensionalities of the support of the motion and of the diffusion itself. Part 3: It is argued that every fractal point set has a unique fractal dimensionality, but it is pointed out that many fractals involve diverse combinations of many fractal point sets. Such is, in particular, the case for fractal measures and for fractal graphs, often called hierarchical lattices. The fractal measures that the author had introduced in the early 1970s are described, including new developments. 相似文献
13.
Summary A global LSER model that relates HPLC retention to mobile phase composition and pH is tested for a varied group of solutes,
both neutral and ionizable, in a polymeric column and methanol-water mobile phases. It is compared to the local LSER model
developed only for a given mobile phase, i.e., a fixed organic modifier content, and to the global LSER model set only for
neutral solutes. The global LSER model for neutral and ionizable solutes requires a few supplementary parameters over the
other models tested, but it accounts for retention under any experimental conditions for a given column and methanol-water
mobile phases, describing properly the interactions established in the HPLC system (hydrophobicity, hydrogen-bond acidity
and basicity, dipolarity/polarizability…).
This paper is number 13 of a series with the same general title: “Retention of Ionizable Compounds on HPLC” published in various
journals. 相似文献
14.
Rabindra N. Roy James J. Gibbons Guilio LaCross Jr. Charles W. Krueger 《Journal of solution chemistry》1976,5(5):333-343
The two thermodynamic dissociation constants of glycine at 11 temperatures from 5 to 55°C in 50 mass % methanol-water mixed solvent have been determined from precise emf measurements with hydrogen-silver bromide electrodes in cells without liquid junction. The first acidic dissociation constant (K
1)for the process HG+H++G± is expressed as a function ofT(oK) by the equation pK
1 = 2043.5/T – 9.6504 + 0.019308T. At 25°C, pK
1is 2.961 in the mixed solvent, as compared with 2.350 in water, with H°=1497 cal-mole–1, G°=4038 cal-mole–1, S°=–8.52 cal-°K–1-mole–1, and C
p
o
=–53 cal-°K–1-mole–1. The second acidic dissociation constant (K
2)for the process G±H++G– over the temperature range studied is given by the equation pK
2 = 3627.1/T – 7.2371 + 0.015587T. At 25°C, pK
2is 9.578 in MeOH–H2O as compared with 9.780 in water, whereas H° is 10,257 cal-mole–1, G° is 13,063 cal-mole–1, S° is –9.41 cal-°K–1-mole–1, and C
p
o
is –43 cal-°K–1-mole–1. The protonated glycine becomes weaker in 50 mass % methanol-water, whereas the second dissociation process becomes stronger despite the lower dielectric constant of the mixed solvent (=56.3 at 25°C). 相似文献
15.
Summary Retention models for ionic compounds in reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic systems have been developed on the basis of
the capacity ratios of solutes and ionic mobile phase components using indirect detection. The binding to the adsorbent, μBondapak
Phenyl, has been expressed by ion-pair distribution constants and tested in the retention models by non-linear regression.
All the ionic compounds followed adsorption models of the Langmuir type comprising two kinds of binding sites with widely
different adsorption capacities and binding constants. The results indicate certain differences between the two sites regarding
the binding of cationic and anionic components, respectively. 相似文献
16.
化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)是水体有机污染的一项重要指标,化学需氧量越高,表示水污染程度越严重。 为了解决传统的COD测量方法耗时较长,不利于快速、实时地获取水体中COD的信息等问题。本文提出了基于透射光谱测量结合主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)改进水体COD含量估算模型。具体的,采集100组COD水体光谱信息,分别使用3种不同的高光谱数据预处理方法对光谱数据进行预处理,分析不同预处理方法对模型精度的影响,并基于不同的预处理方法分别建立高斯过程回归模型(Gaussian Process Regression, GPR)和BP神经网络模型,分析不同预处理方法对模型精度的影响;并对各模型结合PCA数据降维方法进行模型的改进,通过比较模型的精度选择最优模型进行水体COD含量的检测。结果显示,相比于原始光谱数据建立的GPR模型和BP神经网络模型,数据预处理后的模型精度明显提升;且结合PCA对预处理后的数据进一步降维处理后,模型精度得到了进一步的提升。其中,基于标准正态变量变换特征结合PCA改进BP神经网络模型基于PCA改进的BP神经网络模型R^2高达0.9940,均方根误差RMSE为0.022540。证明了基于PCA改进的BP神经网络数据降维方法对预处理后的光谱数据进行降维处理,有利于去除光谱中的冗余信息,提取特征信息,可以实现高光谱检测方法可以实现COD含量估算模型的优化,从而为传统COD测量方法存在的问题提出了一种新的解决思路。 相似文献
17.
Giuseppe Caruso 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(10)
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide and an over-the-counter food supplement with a well-demonstrated multimodal mechanism of action that includes the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the down-regulation of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, the inhibition of aberrant protein formation, and the modulation of cells in the peripheral (macrophages) and brain (microglia) immune systems. Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, a plethora of in vivo preclinical studies have been carried out; however, there is still substantial heterogeneity regarding the route of administration, the dosage, the duration of the treatment, and the animal model selected, underlining the urgent need for “coordinated/aligned” preclinical studies laying the foundations for well-defined future clinical trials. The main aim of the present position paper is to critically and concisely consider these key points and open a discussion on the possible “alignment” for future studies, with the goal of validating the full therapeutic potential of this intriguing molecule. 相似文献
18.
19.
H. A. Das 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(5):241-244
The leaching of microconstituents from granular solid wastes is often studied by column experiments. The underlying assumption is that the flow is of the one-compartment or “backmix” type. The influence of small deviations from this ideal situation on the outcome of the leaching experiment depends slightly on the specific mass-transfer function of the trace involved. The deviation itself may be measured by a simple separate radiotracer experiment. 相似文献
20.
J. Šulc 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(7):254-256
On the basis of a simplified mathematical model there is calculated the probability of a photon of characteristic K series radiation excited by a photon of low energy gamma radiation hitting the detector. There are also included the probabilities for coherently and incoherently scattered primary radiation considering electron binding energies. 相似文献