飞机激光雷达散射截面测量与分析

飞机激光雷达散射截面的测量,对于研究飞机激光散射特性以及评估探测系统至关重要.本文介绍了飞机激光雷达散射截面测量理论,设计了飞机激光雷达散射截面测量装置和测量方法,并通过实验验证了该装置与测量方法.在全尺寸真实飞机试验与测量过程中,通过对原始数据高斯补偿与背景修正,获得了误差小于7%的飞机激光雷达散射截面数据.实验结果表明,本文提出的飞机激光雷达散射截面测量与分析方法是正确的和有效的.     

Full counting statistics as a probe of quantum coherence in a side-coupled double quantum dot system

We study theoretically the full counting statistics of electron transport through side-coupled double quantum dot (QD) based on an efficient particle-number-resolved master equation. It is demonstrated that the high-order cumulants of transport current are more sensitive to the quantum coherence than the average current, which can be used to probe the quantum coherence of the considered double QD system. Especially, quantum coherence plays a crucial role in determining whether the super-Poissonian noise occurs in the weak inter-dot hopping coupling regime depending on the corresponding QD-lead coupling, and the corresponding values of super-Poissonian noise can be relatively enhanced when considering the spins of conduction electrons. Moreover, this super-Poissonian noise bias range depends on the singly-occupied eigenstates of the system, which thus suggests a tunable super-Poissonian noise device. The occurrence-mechanism of super-Poissonian noise can be understood in terms of the interplay of quantum coherence and effective competition between fast-and-slow transport channels.     

Symmetric implicational method of fuzzy reasoning

Fuzzy reasoning should take into account the factors of both the logic system and the reasoning model, thus a new fuzzy reasoning method called the symmetric implicational method is proposed, which contains the full implication inference method as its particular case. The previous full implication inference principles are improved, and unified forms of the new method are respectively established for FMP (fuzzy modus ponens) and FMT (fuzzy modus tollens) to let different fuzzy implications be used under the same way. Furthermore, reversibility properties of the new method are analyzed from some conditions that many fuzzy implications satisfy, and it is found that its reversibility properties seem fine. Lastly, the more general α-symmetric implicational method is put forward, and its unified forms are achieved.     

Low-thrust trajectory optimization in a full ephemeris model

The low-thrust trajectory optimization with complicated constraints must be considered in practical engineering. In most literature, this problem is simplified into a two-body model in which the spacecraft is subject to the gravitational force at the center of mass and the spacecraft＇s own electric propulsion only, and the gravity assist （GA） is modeled as an instantaneous velocity increment. This paper presents a method to solve the fuel-optimal problem of low-thrust trajectory with complicated constraints in a full ephemeris model, which is closer to practical engineering conditions. First, it introduces various perturbations, including a third body＇s gravity, the nonspherical perturbation and the solar radiation pressure in a dynamic equation. Second, it builds two types of equivalent inner constraints to describe the GA. At the same time, the present paper applies a series of techniques, such as a homotopic approach, to enhance the possibility of convergence of the global optimal solution.     

Complete 1H NMR spectral analysis of ten chemical markers of Ginkgo biloba

The complete and unambiguous ¹H NMR assignments of ten marker constituents of Ginkgo biloba are described. The comprehensive ¹H NMR profiles (fingerprints) of ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J, bilobalide, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, isoquercetin, and rutin in DMSO‐d₆ were obtained through the examination of 1D ¹H NMR and 2D ¹H,¹H‐COSY data, in combination with ¹H iterative full spin analysis (HiFSA). The computational analysis of discrete spin systems allowed a detailed characterization of all the ¹H NMR signals in terms of chemical shifts (δ_H) and spin‐spin coupling constants (J_HH), regardless of signal overlap and higher order coupling effects. The capability of the HiFSA‐generated ¹H fingerprints to reproduce experimental ¹H NMR spectra at different field strengths was also evaluated. As a result of this analysis, a revised set of ¹H NMR parameters for all ten phytoconstituents was assembled. Furthermore, precise ¹H NMR assignments of the sugar moieties of isoquercetin and rutin are reported for the first time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of Stability for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Insulation Oil Through Three-dimensional Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship Pharmacophore Model and Full Factor Experimental Design

Based on the obtained data of half-lives(t_1/2) for 31 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners(PCBs), 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) pharmacophore was used to establish a 3D QSAR model to predict the t_1/2 values of the remaining 178 PCBs, using the structural parameters as independent variables and lgt_1/2 values as the dependent variable. Among this process, the whole data set(31 compounds) was divided into a training set(24 compounds) for model generation and a test set(7 compounds) for model validation. Then, the full factor experimental design was used to research the potential second-order interactional effect between different substituent positions, obtaining the final regulation scheme for PCB. At last, a 3D QSAR pharmacophore model was established to validate the reasonable regulation targeting typical PCB with respect to half-lives and thermostability. As a result, the cross-validation correlation coefficient(q²) obtained by the 3D QSAR model was 0.845(>0.5) and the coefficient of determination(r²) obtained was 0.936(>0.9), indicating that the models were robust and predictive. CoMSIA analyses upon steric, electrostatic and hydrophobic fields were 0.7%, 85.9%, and 13.4%, respectively. The electrostatic field was determined to be a primary factor governing the t_1/2. From CoMSIA contour maps, t_1/2 increased when substi- tuents possessed electropositive groups at the 2'-, 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'- positions and electronegative groups at the 3-, 3'-, 5-, 6- and 6'- positions, which could increase the PCB stability in transformer insulation oil. Modification of two typical PCB congeners(PCB-77 and PCB-81) showed that the lgt_1/2for three selected modified compounds increased by 13%(average ratio) compared with that of each congener and the thermostability of them were higher, validating the reasonability of the regulatory scheme obtained from the 3D QSAR model. These results are expected to be beneficial in predicting t_1/2 values of PCB homologues and derivatives and in providing a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the stability of PCBs.     

Micromorphic approach for finite gradient-elastoplasticity fully coupled with ductile damage: Formulation and computational aspects

It is well established that the use of inelastic constitutive equations accounting for induced softening, leads to pathological space (mesh) and time discretization dependency of the numerical solution of the associated Initial and Boundary Value Problem (IBVP). To avoid this drawback, many less or more approximate solutions have been proposed in the literature in order to regularize the IBVP and to obtain numerical solutions which are, at convergence, much less sensitive to the space and the time discretization. The basic idea behind these regularization techniques is the formulation of nonlocal constitutive equations by introducing some effects of characteristic lengths representing the materials microstructure. In this work, using the framework of generalized nonlocal continua, a thermodynamically-consistent micromorphic formulation using appropriate micromorphic state variables and their first gradients, is proposed in order to extend the classical local constitutive equations by incorporating appropriate characteristic internal lengths. The isotropic damage, the isotropic and the kinematic hardenings are supposed to carry the targeted micromorphic effects. First the theoretical aspects of this fully coupled micromorphic formulation is presented in details and the proposed generalized balance equations as well as the fully coupled micromorphic constitutive equations deduced. The associated numerical aspects in the framework of the classical Galerkin-based FE formulation are briefly discussed in the special case of micromorphic damage. Specifically, the formulation of 2D finite elements with additional degrees of freedom (d.o.f.), the dynamic explicit global resolution scheme as well as the local integration scheme, to compute the stress tensor and the state variables at each integration point of each element, are presented. Application is made to the typical uniaxial tension specimen under plane strain conditions in order to chow the predictive capabilities of the proposed micromorphic model, particularly against its ability to give (at convergence) a mesh independent solution even for high values of the ductile damage (i.e., the macroscopic cracks).     

空间外差干涉光谱仪仪器线型函数测量新方法研究

空间外差干涉光谱技术是近年发展起来的新型静态超分辨光谱分光技术,仪器线型函数是其基本性能参数之一,代表了仪器的光谱分辨能力,需要精确表征。在分析仪器线型函数影响因素(切趾、有效视场角与离轴像元效应)以及测量方法与测量光源等特殊性要求基础上,提出了一种可调波长单色面光源的全新测量方法,并利用可调谐激光器与消散斑积分球等设备搭建了测量实验装置。在仪器线型函数测量实验中,通过选取光谱范围内的典型谱段进行高光谱(0.1 nm步长)扫描,经过干涉数据误差修正、光谱复原以及坐标归一化等数据处理过程,获取了仪器线型函数的能量分布形式。此外,利用全光谱范围内扫描的干涉数据,得到仪器线型函数的全峰半宽随波长的变化规律曲线。最后,将本方法获取的实测仪器线型函数与模拟光谱(LBL计算)进行卷积获取理论谱,并与地基探测实验获取的实测大气CO₂吸收光谱进行比对分析,两者吻合一致,验证了本方法获取的仪器线型函数具有较高的精度。     

Asymptotic stability for a non-autonomous full von Kármán beam with thermo-viscoelastic damping

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior for a one-dimensional non-autonomous full von Kármán beam with a thermo-viscoelastic damping in the internal feedback. By introducing a suitable energy and some Lyapunov functionals, under some restrictions on the non-autonomous functions and the relaxation function, we show the asymptotic behavior of the solution and establish a general decay result for the energy.     

发射光谱法对早期激光诱导铝合金等离子体诊断研究

对激光诱导等离子体参数进行诊断有多种方法,其中采用发射光谱法对其诊断是一种重要的方法。文中采用Nd∶YAG固态激光器,输出波长1 064 nm红外激光与铝合金样品相互作用,深入研究了铝合金等离子体产生早期(<1 μs)谱线轮廓、谱线强度、线背比、谱线半峰宽及位移等随时间演变规律。研究表明,激光与物质相互作用早期,电子数密度非常大,电子与离子及原子之间的相互作用非常强烈,谱线的Stark展宽效应非常明显,导致多重谱线重叠在一起,随时间演变,电子数密度及电子温度的降低,多重谱线的半峰宽越来越窄且谱线轮廓对称性越来越好。MgⅠ285.212 6 nm谱线强度早期逐渐增强,大约100 ns左右谱线强度达到最大值,然后谱线强度呈逐渐减小的趋势,这是由于等离子体产生早期,电子及离子占主导地位,故早期原子谱线强度较弱,随时间演变,电子与离子之间的复合,原子数密度逐渐增加,故原子谱线逐渐增强,达到最大值之后,由于等离子体激发温度的降低,故谱线强度逐渐减弱。以NIST波长位置为参考,等离子体产生的早期谱线发生了红移,连续背景强度随时间演变呈幂函数形式急剧递减,与之相反,谱线的连续背景强度与谱线强度相比,连续背景衰减的速度更为迅速,故导致谱线信背比随时间演变呈增大趋势,本研究对等离子体早期这些现象从理论角度进行了深入探讨。