山茱萸多糖SZYP-2的结构分析

从中药山茱萸（Fructus Corni)中分离得到多糖组分SZYP－2，它的糖基组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖，单糖间的摩尔比是1：3.3:3:3.8，通过部分甲基化、部分乙酰化后的气相色谱分析确定了各单糖间的连接点。     

Analysis of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera

Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae) is classified in traditional Chinese medicine as a superior drug, and has been used for thousands of years. Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated that most of the biological actions and pharmacological effects of Wuweizi can be attributed to its lignan constituents, particularly the dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans, which can lower the serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) level, inhibit platelet aggregation, and show antioxidative, calcium antagonism, antitumor-promoting, and anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) effects. The dried ripe fruits of both Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera have long been used as Wuweizi, although their chemical constituents and contents of the bioactive components are quite different. Since 2000, they have been accepted as two different crude drugs, Bei-Wuweizi and Nan-Wuweizi, respectively, by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In order to provide a useful reference for good quality control of Wuweizi, many studies on the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, identification and quality control methods of the two drugs have been reported in the literature and are summarized herein. Particular attention was given to the different methodologies developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive lignans. In our opinion, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is the most simple and convenient method for identification of these two crude drugs, and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) is the preferred method for quantitative analysis based on the bioactive lignans. Some newly developed methods, particularly hyphenated chromatographic-analytical techniques, are effective in determination of the lignans that occur in low content and those difficult to be fully separated with HPLC.     

The Chemical and Pharmacological Research Progress on a Kind of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Fructus Malvae

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the treatment process. Furthermore, the discovery of artemisinin in Artemisia annua has reduced the incidence of malaria all over the world. Therefore, it is becoming urgent and important to establish a novel method of conducting systematic research on Chinese herbal medicine, improving the medicinal utilization value of traditional Chinese medicine and bringing great benefits to human health all over the world. Fructus Malvae, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine which has been recorded in the “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” (2020 edition), refers to the dry, ripe fruits of Malva verticillata L. Recently, some studies have shown that Fructus Malvae exhibits some special pharmacological activities; for example, it has diuretic, anti-diabetes, antioxidant and anti-tumor properties, and it alleviates hair loss. Furthermore, according to the reports, the active ingredients separated and identified from Fructus Malvae contain some very novel compounds such as nortangeretin-8-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside and 1-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfo)-glucopyranosyl-2-O-linolenoyl-3-O-palmitoyl glyceride, which could be screened as important candidate compounds for diabetes- or tumor-treatment drugs, respectively. Therefore, in this research, we take Fructus Malvae as an example and systematically summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activity research progress of it. This review will be helpful in promoting the development and application of Fructus Malvae and will also provide an example for other investigations of traditional Chinese medicine.     

Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects of Xanthii Fructus by affecting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway based on TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic symmetrical multiple arthritis. Current traditional counter-therapies are expensive and have side effects. Xanthii Fructus has effects in expelling wind and cold, draining the nasal orifice, and removing wind and dampness. However, its mechanism of action against rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. In this paper, the mechanism of the anti- rheumatoid arthritis effect of Xanthii Fructus is studied by proteomics. The experimental results show that it could significantly reduce serum inflammatory factor levels, alleviate joint edema, improve vasodilation and congestion, and significantly reduce the number of inflammatory cells. Proteomics results show that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway is the key pathway for Xanthii Fructus to treat rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we obtained a new understanding of the mechanism of Xanthii Fructus in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, which provided a theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment and laid the foundation for further research.     

香椿子油成分的 GC-MS分析

用正己烷抽提得香棒子,然后将样品进行皂化、甲酯化,以毛细管色谱－质谱联用法（GC－MS）测定了香棒子油的组成,共鉴定出39种成分,其中亚油酸相对含量为83．45％。     

Quality evaluation of raw and processed Crataegi Fructus by color measurement and fingerprint analysis

Crataegi Fructus and its processed products have been used as a traditional medicine for a long time, and numerous active components are responsible for their curative effects. However, a comprehensive and fast method for the quality control of its processed products is still lacking. In this study, two analytical methods based on color measurements and fingerprint analysis are established. In the color measurements, the color values of the peel and flesh of Crataegi Fructus were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Based on the results, a color reference range was established using percentiles, and the standard color difference value was established using the median color values. Then, the color values of Crataegi Fructus and its processed products were analyzed using Bayes linear discriminant analysis and mathematical functions were built in order to predict the degree of processing. Moreover, high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint analysis was performed on a Hibar C₁₈ column, and a high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint pattern was obtained, from which nine peaks were identified. Chemometric methods were successfully applied to differentiate raw and processed Crataegi Fructus.     

Evaluation of microwave-assisted extraction for aristolochic acid from Aristolochiae Fructus by chromatographic analysis coupled with nephrotoxicity studies

In this paper, a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was established for aristolochic acid-I from Aristolochiae Fructus, and the advantage of MAE was evaluated by chromatographic analysis coupled with nephrotoxicity studies. The experimental parameters of MAE for aristolochic acid-I in Aristolochiae Fructus were investigated and MAE was compared with Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction in terms of extraction yields and extraction conditions. Under the optimum conditions, MAE could provide higher extraction yields of aristolochic acid-I (1.10 mg/g) than ultrasound-assisted extraction (0.82 mg/g) and Soxhlet extraction (0.95 mg/g), in addition to using less solvent and having a shorter extraction time. Furthermore, the nephrotoxicities of the extracts of Aristolochiae Fructus from different extraction procedures were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results of nephrotoxicity studies of, for example, general conditions, biochemistry parameters and histopathology examination showed no significantly differences in the nephrotoxicity levels of the extracts from MAE and that from Soxhlet extraction. These results indicated that MAE technique is a simple, rapid and effective extraction method, and the microwave irradiation during MAE procedure did not have any influence on the nephrotoxicity of Aristolochiae Fructus compared with Soxhlet extraction.     

Simultaneous characterization of multiple Psoraleae Fructus bioactive compounds in rat plasma by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for application in sex‐related differences in pharmacokinetics

A method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 bioactive compounds (psoralen, isopsoralen, isobavachin, bakuchalcone, neobabaisoflavone, bavachin, corylin, psoralidin, isobavachalcone, bavachinin, corylifol A, bavachalcone, and bakuchiol) by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry has been developed and validated in rat plasma. Osthol was used as an internal standard and plasma samples were pretreated with one‐step liquid–liquid extraction. These analytes were separated using a gradient mobile phase system of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min on a reverse‐phase C18 column and analyzed in the selected multiple reactions monitoring mode. All calibration curves were linear (r > 0.9952) over the tested ranges. The intra‐ and interday accuracy and precisions of these analytes at three different concentration levels were within the acceptable limits of <15% at all concentrations. The mean recoveries of these analytes at three concentrations were more than 60.2% and the matrix effects were in the range of 85–115%. Stability studies proved that the analytes were stable under the tested conditions. The developed method was applied to evaluating the pharmacokinetic study of 13 bioactive compounds after oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus in rat of different genders. Some active compounds in Psoraleae Fructus had sex‐related pharmacokinetics.     

Isolation and purification of osthole and imperatorin from Fructus Cnidii by semi-preparative supercritical fluid chromatography

Fructus Cnidii, the dried ripe fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson., has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Osthole and imperatorin are the main active ingredients of Fructus Cnidii and had been found of antispasmodic, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic, anti-arrhythmic, hypotensive, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. A supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method for isolation and purification of osthole and imperatorin from Fructus Cnidii was established in this work. The separation conditions, including the stationary phase, the organic modifier, the composition and the flow rate of the mobile phase, column backpressure and column temperature, were optimized on analytical scale at first. And then a semi-preparative SFC (SP-SFC) method was developed based on the conditions of analytical scale SFC. SP-SFC was accomplished on YMC-Pack NH₂ column. Ethanol was used as the modifier and its percentage in the mobile phase was 3%. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 20?mL/min, column backpressure was 13?MPa, column temperature was 318?K, detection wavelength was 310?nm, and injection volume was 0.2?mL. Under the optimum conditions, osthole and imperatorin were obtained with high purities as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The chemical structures of the obtained compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrum analysis.     

磁珠富集与液相色谱-质谱联用结合筛选枳壳中脂肪酶抑制剂

提出了一种磁珠收集与液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)结合用于快速筛选中药提取物中的脂肪酶抑制剂的方法. 通过制备键合脂肪酶的磁珠, 将其与枳壳总黄酮孵育后, 筛选出枳壳中脂肪酶的配体. 通过LC-MS分析发现, 4个化合物均是潜在的脂肪酶抑制剂, 鉴定其分别为柚皮苷、 新橙皮苷、 橙皮苷和枸橘苷. 对4个化合物进行了体外脂肪酶抑制活性验证. 研究结果表明, 新橙皮苷、 橙皮苷和枸橘苷具有显著的脂肪酶抑制活性, IC₅₀分别为48.04, 52.45和46.18 μg/mL, 其中枸橘苷具有脂肪酶抑制活性为首次报道. 结果表明, 磁珠富集与LC-MS集成技术能够用于快速发现中药活性成分.