Enzyme Electrode for Fructose,Glucose-6-Phosphate and ATP Determination

Abstract

A bienzyme electrode for glucose-6-phosphate and ATP based on the sequential reactions of coimmobilized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase and for fructose using the competition with glucose has been developed. Electrochemical indication is performed using air-oxidation of reduced N-methylphenazinium ion. The sensor responds linearly to fructose up to 3 mM with a lower detection limit of 0.3 mM.     

Selectively Chemocatalytic Conversion of Fructose to 1,2‐Propylene Glycol over Ru‐WOx/Hydroxyapatite Catalyst†

The conversion of fructose to 1,2‐propylene glycol (PG) is an important process from cellulosic biomass to high‐value added chemicals. Herein, Ru‐WO_x/hydroxyapatite (HAP) catalyst was employed for this reaction and reached up to 91.3% yield of PG at 180 °C, 1 MPa initial hydrogen for 8 h in water. On this catalyst, Ru and WO_x were highly dispersed on HAP support and they interacted with each other to form a special catalytic center. The lack of isolated Ru or RuW alloy site led to a moderate activity for hydrogenolysis and hindered the further conversion of PG to propanol. The weak basic HAP support efficiently prevented the humin formation. This precisely controlled catalyst has potential in green PG production.     

Separation and identification of enzymatic sucrose hydrolysis products by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection

An accurate carbohydrate analysis method, namely high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection was successfully applied to the study of sucrose hydrolysis under enzymatic (baker's yeast invertase) conditions. The hydrolysis was monitored by determining sucrose degradation and the corresponding formation of D-glucose, D-fructose and five intermediate fructans using a CarboPac PA-100 (Dionex) analytical anion-exchange column. Highly reproducible results were obtained. The unknown fructans were collected from a semi-preparative CarboPac PA-100 (Dionex) column, neutralized and then desalted on a column containing mixed bed resin AG 501-X8 (D) before identification of the chemical structure. This procedure permitted us to obtain about 20 microg of pure product which is not enough for NMR analysis. Detailed GC-MS analytical data of the methylated compounds indicated that these oligosaccharides were beta-D-Fru-(2 --> 1)-beta-D-Fru-(2 --> 1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1-kestose), beta-D-Fru-(2 --> 6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (6-beta fructofuranosylglucose), beta-D-Fru-(2 --> 1)-beta-D-fructofuranoside (inulobiose), beta-D-Fru-(2 --> 6)-beta-D-Fru-(2 --> 1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (6-kestose) and beta-D-Fru-(2 --> 6)-alpha-D-Glc-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-fructofuranoside (neokestose) coeluating with a disaccharide.     

贮藏期内灵武长枣果糖含量的高光谱预测

高光谱成像可将图像和光谱相结合,同时获得目标对象的图像和光谱信息,已在农产品定性和定量分析检测方面得到广泛利用。利用可见-近红外高光谱成像结合化学计量学方法对贮藏期内灵武长枣果糖含量进行无损检测。采用高效液相色谱测量长枣果糖含量的化学值,可见-近红外高光谱系统采集长枣的高光谱图像,提取每个样本感兴趣区域的平均光谱;建立长枣贮藏期的径向基核函数支持向量机（radial basis kernel function support vector machine,RBF-SVM）模型;分别选用正交信号校正法（orthogonal signal correction,OSC）、多元散射校正（multiplicative scatter correction,MSC）、中值滤波（median-filter,MF）、卷积平滑（savitzky-golay,SG）、归一化（normalization,Nor）、高斯滤波（gaussian-filter,GF）和标准正态变换（standard normalized variate,SNV）等方法对原始光谱进行预处理;为减少数据量,降低维度,提高运算速度,采用反向区间偏最小二乘法（backward interval partial least squares,BiPLS）、间隔随机蛙跳算法（interval random frog,IRF）和竞争性自适应加权算法（competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS）对光谱数据提取特征变量;建立全波段和特征波段的偏最小二乘回归（partial least squares regression,PLSR）和主成分回归（principle component regression,PCR）长枣果糖含量预测模型。结果表明：RBF-SVM判别模型校正集准确率为98.04%,预测集准确率为97.14%,能很好地预测长枣的贮藏期;利用BiPLS, IRF及CARS进行降维处理,提取特征波长个数为100, 63和23,占原光谱数据的80%,50.4%和18.4%;为简化模型运算过程并提高模型精度,采用CARS算法对BiPLS及IRF算法所选取的特征波长进行二次筛选,分别优选出18和15个特征波长,占原光谱数据的14.4%和12%,显著减少特征波长数;将全波段光谱与提取出的特征波长分别建立长枣果糖含量的PLSR及PCR预测模型,优选出CARS提取特征波长建立的PLSR模型效果最优,其中校正集的相关系数R_c=0.854 4,均方根误差RMSEC=0.005 3,预测集的相关系数R_p=0.830 3,均方根误差RMSEP=0.005 7,说明CARS有效地对光谱进行降维,简化了数据处理过程。研究表明,利用可见-近红外高光谱成像结合化学计量学方法及计算机编程,可以有效的实现灵武长枣果糖含量的快速无损分析,为灵武长枣内部品质的检测提供理论依据。     

果糖催化合成四氢苯并[b]吡喃衍生物:动力学和机理研究(英文)

Fructose was used as an efficient catalyst for three-component condensation reactions of aryl aldehydes,malononitrile,and dimedone in a mixture of EtOH and H_2O as green solvents.The advantages of this method are a short reaction time,high yields,low cost,easy accesses,and simple work-up.The mechanism of the synthesis of a derivative of 4H-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran was clarified using spectroscopic kinetic methods.The activation energy(Ea=65.34 kJ/mol)and related kinetic parameters(ΔG=69.14 kJ/mol,ΔS=20.99 J/(mol·K),andΔH=62.89 kJ/mol)were calculated,based on the effects of temperature,concentration,and solvent.The first step in the proposed mechanism was identified as the rate-determining step(k1),based on the steady-state approximation.