干工况风机盘管加冰蓄冷新风系统空调过程研究

采用冰蓄冷装置作为新风系统处理机组 ( AHU )的冷源 ,结合设计实例 ,提出了干工况风机盘管加冰蓄冷新风系统空调设计方案 ,并就冰蓄冷新风系统 ( AHU )及风机盘管末端 ( FCU )的选择作一些探讨。     

微波消解-ICP-AES测定保鲜水果中硫含量

用硝酸-过氧化氢(4+2)混合溶液作为消解剂,微波消解法处理保鲜水果样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定所得样品溶液中硫的含量,选择182.0nm为测定硫的分析线,硫的检出限(3Sd)为0.065mg·L-1,样品测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)为1.90%用本法测定两个国家标准物质茶叶(GBW...     

小波分析的茶鲜叶全氮含量高光谱监测

茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一,而氮素（N）是影响茶叶品质的主要成分之一,因此快速准确地估算N素含量至关重要。由于测定N含量的化学方法繁琐耗时,利用高光谱对茶鲜叶中N含量进行预测,利用连续小波转换（CWT）提取的小波系数,探究CWT不同分解层数对于N素含量的估测能力,并讨论了不同波长选择算法所建模型的预测效果。首先,采集广东省英德市茶园的151个茶鲜叶样品高光谱数据,将获得的原始光谱通过卷积平滑（SG）、去趋势（Detrending）、一阶导数（1st）、多元散射校正（MSC）和标准正态变量变换（SNV）五种预处理方法进行预处理并作为参考。其次,采用连续小波对原始光谱进行初步处理生成多尺度小波系数,并进行相关性分析, 分别利用连续投影算法（SPA）、竞争性自适应加权采样法（CARS）和变量组合集群分析（VCPA）方法进一步优化CWT变换后光谱数据的变量空间,最后,以特征变量为输入使用PLSR建立了N素定量监测模型,并对比不同尺度不同方法估算N素的效果。结果表明,连续小波分析方法可有效提升茶鲜叶光谱对N素含量的估测能力,明显优于常规光谱处理方法。经连续小波分解后,对茶鲜叶N素的预测能力随分解尺度的增加整体呈逐步降低的趋势,其中在1~6尺度连续小波变换后的光谱与茶鲜叶N素存在良好的相关性,表明小尺度的连续小波分解可有效应用于茶鲜叶N含量的监测。基于CWT（1）-VCPA方法建立的模型精度最高,且变量数相比于全波段减少了99.34%,其建模与预测R2达到0.95和0.90,相比于传统光谱处理方法,精度提升了11% ,证明CWT-VCPA可以有效降低光谱维度并大幅提升模型精度。实现了茶叶N素含量的高效量化预测,为评估茶叶的其他成分提供了可靠技术参考。     

鲜蒜嫩鳞被中半胱氨酸肽的制备及其对豆类铁锌生物利用率的影响

离子交换层析结合制备液相方法从鲜蒜嫩鳞被中制备2种半胱氨酸肽(γ-GCPs):(SC2RC7)-γ-L-谷氨酰-S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(1)和(SC2RC7)-γ-L-谷氨酰-S-丙基-L-半胱氨酸(2)。产物结构经HPLC-MS,CD和1H NMR,13C NMR分析并与标准品比对确定。利用体外模拟胃、肠消化实验检测其对豆类铁锌生物利用率的影响。结果表明,5 g豆粉中添加0.01 mmol的化合物1和化合物2分别使黄豆铁生物利用率从1.88%提高到6.73%和4.42%,绿豆铁生物利用率从2.52%提高到12.04%和9.38%;使黄豆锌生物利用率从13.37%提高到23.95%和20.58%,绿豆锌生物利用率从15.98%提高到28.44%和27.05%。     

Cascade ultrafiltration and competing ligand exchange for kinetic speciation of aluminium, iron, and nickel in fresh water

Kinetic speciation of nickel, aluminium, and iron in fresh water has been investigated by cascade ultrafiltration followed by competing ligand exchange of the ultrafiltered fractions. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure the kinetics of metal complex dissociation. Dissolved metal species were fractionated by cascade ultrafiltration. Metal speciation in each ultrafiltered fraction was then characterized as free metal ions, “labile” metal complexes (with dissociation rate constants ≥10⁻³ s⁻¹), “slowly labile” metal complexes (with dissociation rate constants >10⁻⁶ s⁻¹), and “inert” metal complexes (with dissociation rate constants <10⁻⁶ s⁻¹). The experimental results were compared with the predictions of a computer-based equilibrium speciation model, the Windermere humic aqueous model (WHAM) V. Cascade ultrafiltration coupled with kinetic speciation of the metal species in each molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) fraction provided a more comprehensive picture and insight into the physical and the chemical characteristics of the metal species than either ultrafiltration or measurement of dissociation kinetics alone.     

Synthesising injectable molecular self-curing polymer from monomer derived from lignocellulosic oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass: A review on treating Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and irreversible degenerative joint disease that most commonly affects individuals in their forties and fifties worldwide due to the continuously increasing life expectancy. Although joint replacement is an effective remedy for severe end-stage OA, the functional outcomes could be unsatisfactory, while the implants might have a limited lifespan. Due to the drawbacks and limitations of the joint replacement approach, bone Tissue Engineering (TE) is one of the promising bone tissue regeneration technologies that aid in cartilage repair and regeneration and has attracted the attention of experts. The advanced development of biopolymers, in particular biopolymer derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB), has been utilised in the fabrication of scaffolds that serve as a crucial component in bone TE. The abundant supply of OPEFB biomass and the increasing trend of converting waste into wealth for environmental sustainability have also provided the opportunity and interest to fully apply biopolymer-derived materials for bone scaffolding and other applications. Therefore, this paper aimed to provide a review of the biopolymers derived from OPEFB for the treatment of OA and other related applications. A brief overview of the biomass sources in Malaysia was presented, followed by a discussion on the chemical compositions and pre-treatment methods of OPEFB by using organosolv pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for maximum glucose recovery, monomer derived from cellulose OPEFB and synthesizing self-curing polymer scaffold. Additionally, a detailed review of the polymeric biomaterials in bone TE for the fabrication of scaffolds were included in this review. Most importantly, the paper described the potential use of injectable polymeric biomaterials that provide a significant benefit in orthopaedic applications. Overall, this paper provides a perspective on the potential of OPEFB-derived injectable scaffolds as an alternative OA treatment and future bone TE applications.     

Fresh function spectra

In this paper, we investigate the fresh function spectrum of forcing notions, where a new function on an ordinal is called fresh if all its initial segments are in the ground model. We determine the fresh function spectrum of several forcing notions and discuss the difference between fresh functions and fresh subsets. Furthermore, we consider the question which sets are realizable as the fresh function spectrum of a homogeneous forcing. We show that under GCH all sets with a certain closure property are realizable, while consistently there are sets which are not realizable.